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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
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<html><head><title>ADODB Manual</title>
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
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<style>
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pre {
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  background-color: #eee;
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  padding: 0.75em 1.5em;
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  font-size: 12px;
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  border: 1px solid #ddd;
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}
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</style></head>
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<body bgcolor="#ffffff" text="black">
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<h2>ADOdb Library for PHP</h2>
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<p>V4.80 8 Mar 2006 (c) 2000-2006 John Lim (jlim#natsoft.com)</p>
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<p><font size="1">This software is dual licensed using BSD-Style and LGPL. This
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  means you can use it in compiled proprietary and commercial products.</font></p>
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	<p>Useful ADOdb links:  <a href="http://adodb.sourceforge.net/#download">Download</a> &nbsp; <a href="http://adodb.sourceforge.net/#docs">Other Docs</a>
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</p><p><a href="#intro"><b>Introduction</b></a><b><br>
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	<a href="#features">Unique Features</a><br>
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	<a href="#users">How People are using ADOdb</a><br>
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	<a href="#bugs">Feature Requests and Bug Reports</a><br>
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	</b><b><a href="#install">Installation</a><br>
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	<a href="#mininstall">Minimum Install</a><br>
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	<a href="#coding">Initializing Code and Connectioning to Databases</a><br>
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	</b><font size="2"> &nbsp; <a href="#dsnsupport">Data Source Name (DSN) Support</a></font>  &nbsp;  <a href="#connect_ex">Connection Examples</a> <br>
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	<b><a href="#speed">High Speed ADOdb - tuning tips</a></b><br>
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	<b><a href="#hack">Hacking and Modifying ADOdb Safely</a><br>
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	<a href="#php5">PHP5 Features</a></b><br>
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	<font size="2"><a href="#php5iterators">foreach iterators</a> <a href="#php5exceptions">exceptions</a></font><br>
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	<b> <a href="#drivers">Supported Databases</a></b><br>
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	<b> <a href="#quickstart">Tutorials</a></b><br>
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	<a href="#ex1">Example 1: Select</a><br>
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	<a href="#ex2">Example 2: Advanced Select</a><br>
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	<a href="#ex3">Example 3: Insert</a><br>
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	<a href="#ex4">Example 4: Debugging</a> &nbsp;<a href="#exrs2html">rs2html
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	example</a><br>
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	<a href="#ex5">Example 5: MySQL and Menus</a><br>
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	<a href="#ex6">Example 6: Connecting to Multiple Databases at once</a> <br>
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	<a href="#ex7">Example 7: Generating Update and Insert SQL</a> <br>
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	<a href="#ex8">Example 8: Implementing Scrolling with Next and Previous</a><br>
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	<a href="#ex9">Example 9: Exporting in CSV or Tab-Delimited Format</a> <br>
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	<a href="#ex10">Example 10: Custom filters</a><br>
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	<a href="#ex11">Example 11: Smart Transactions</a><br>
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	<br>
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	<b> <a href="#errorhandling">Using Custom Error Handlers and PEAR_Error</a><br>
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	<a href="#DSN">Data Source Names</a><br>
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	<a href="#caching">Caching</a><br>
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	<a href="#pivot">Pivot Tables</a></b>
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</p><p><a href="#ref"><b>REFERENCE</b></a>
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</p><p> <font size="2">Variables: <a href="#adodb_countrecs">$ADODB_COUNTRECS</a>
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<a href="#adodb_ansi_padding_off">$ADODB_ANSI_PADDING_OFF</a>
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  <a href="#adodb_cache_dir">$ADODB_CACHE_DIR</a> <br>
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  &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;  <a href="#force_type">$ADODB_FORCE_TYPE</a>
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  <a href="#adodb_fetch_mode">$ADODB_FETCH_MODE</a>
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  <a href="#adodb_lang">$ADODB_LANG</a> <br>
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  Constants: </font><font size="2"><a href="#adodb_assoc_case">ADODB_ASSOC_CASE</a>
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  </font><br>
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  <a href="#ADOConnection"><b> ADOConnection</b></a><br>
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  <font size="2">Connections: <a href="#connect">Connect</a> <a href="#pconnect">PConnect</a>
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  <a href="#nconnect">NConnect</a> <a href="#isconnected">IsConnected</a><br>
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  Executing SQL: <a href="#execute">Execute</a> <a href="#cacheexecute"><i>CacheExecute</i></a>
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  <a href="#selectlimit">SelectLimit</a> <a href="#cacheSelectLimit"><i>CacheSelectLimit</i></a>
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  <a href="#param">Param</a> <a href="#prepare">Prepare</a> <a href="#preparesp">PrepareSP</a>
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  <a href="#inparameter">InParameter</a> <a href="#outparameter">OutParameter</a> <a href="#autoexecute">AutoExecute</a>
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  <br>
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  &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <a href="#getone">GetOne</a>
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  <a href="#cachegetone"><i>CacheGetOne</i></a> <a href="#getrow">GetRow</a> <a href="#cachegetrow"><i>CacheGetRow</i></a>
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  <a href="#getall">GetAll</a> <a href="#cachegetall"><i>CacheGetAll</i></a> <a href="#getcol">GetCol</a>
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  <a href="#cachegetcol"><i>CacheGetCol</i></a> <a href="#getassoc1">GetAssoc</a> <a href="#cachegetassoc"><i>CacheGetAssoc</i></a> <a href="#replace">Replace</a>
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  <br>
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  &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <a href="#executecursor">ExecuteCursor</a>
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  (oci8 only)<br>
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  Generates SQL strings: <a href="#getupdatesql">GetUpdateSQL</a> <a href="#getinsertsql">GetInsertSQL</a>
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  <a href="#concat">Concat</a> <a href="#ifnull">IfNull</a> <a href="#length">length</a> <a href="#random">random</a> <a href="#substr">substr</a>
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  <a href="#qstr">qstr</a> <a href="#param">Param</a>  <a href="#OffsetDate">OffsetDate</a> <a href="#SQLDate">SQLDate</a>
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  <a href="#dbdate">DBDate</a>  <a href="#dbtimestamp">DBTimeStamp</a>
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  <br>
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  Blobs: <a href="#updateblob">UpdateBlob</a> <a href="#updateclob">UpdateClob</a>
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  <a href="#updateblobfile">UpdateBlobFile</a> <a href="#blobencode">BlobEncode</a>
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  <a href="#blobdecode">BlobDecode</a><br>
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  Paging/Scrolling: <a href="#pageexecute">PageExecute</a> <a href="#cachepageexecute">CachePageExecute</a><br>
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  Cleanup: <a href="#cacheflush">CacheFlush</a> <a href="#Close">Close</a><br>
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  Transactions: <a href="#starttrans">StartTrans</a> <a href="#completetrans">CompleteTrans</a>
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  <a href="#failtrans">FailTrans</a> <a href="#hasfailedtrans">HasFailedTrans</a>
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  <a href="#begintrans">BeginTrans</a> <a href="#committrans">CommitTrans</a>
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  <a href="#rollbacktrans">RollbackTrans</a> <br>
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  Fetching Data: </font> <font size="2"><a href="#setfetchmode">SetFetchMode</a><br>
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  Strings: <a href="#concat">concat</a> <a href="#length">length</a>  <a href="#qstr">qstr</a> <a href="#quote">quote</a> <a href="#substr">substr</a><br>
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  Dates: <a href="#dbdate">DBDate</a> <a href="#dbtimestamp">DBTimeStamp</a> <a href="#unixdate">UnixDate</a>
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  <a href="#unixtimestamp">UnixTimeStamp</a> <a href="#OffsetDate">OffsetDate</a>
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  <a href="#SQLDate">SQLDate</a> <br>
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  Row Management: <a href="#affected_rows">Affected_Rows</a> <a href="#inserted_id">Insert_ID</a>  <a href="#rowlock">RowLock</a>
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  <a href="#genid">GenID</a> <a href="#createseq">CreateSequence</a> <a href="#dropseq">DropSequence</a>
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  <br>
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  Error Handling: <a href="#errormsg">ErrorMsg</a> <a href="#errorno">ErrorNo</a>
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  <a href="#metaerror">MetaError</a> <a href="#metaerrormsg">MetaErrorMsg</a><br>
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  Data Dictionary (metadata): <a href="#metadatabases">MetaDatabases</a> <a href="#metatables">MetaTables</a>
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  <a href="#metacolumns">MetaColumns</a> <a href="#metacolumnames">MetaColumnNames</a>
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  <a href="#metaprimarykeys">MetaPrimaryKeys</a> <a href="#metaforeignkeys">MetaForeignKeys</a>
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  <a href="#serverinfo">ServerInfo</a> <br>
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  Statistics and Query-Rewriting: <a href="#logsql">LogSQL</a> <a href="#fnexecute">fnExecute
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  and fnCacheExecute</a><br>
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  </font><font size="2">Deprecated: <a href="#bind">Bind</a> <a href="#blankrecordset">BlankRecordSet</a>
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  <a href="#parameter">Parameter</a></font>
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  <a href="#adorecordSet"><b><br>
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  ADORecordSet</b></a><br>
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  <font size="2">
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  Returns one field: <a href="#fields">Fields</a><br>
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 Returns one row:<a href="#fetchrow">FetchRow</a> <a href="#fetchinto">FetchInto</a>
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  <a href="#fetchobject">FetchObject</a> <a href="#fetchnextobject">FetchNextObject</a>
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  <a href="#fetchobj">FetchObj</a> <a href="#fetchnextobj">FetchNextObj</a>
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 <a href="#getrowassoc">GetRowAssoc</a> <br>
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  Returns all rows:<a href="#getarray">GetArray</a> <a href="#getrows">GetRows</a>
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  <a href="#getassoc">GetAssoc</a><br>
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  Scrolling:<a href="#move">Move</a> <a href="#movenext">MoveNext</a> <a href="#movefirst">MoveFirst</a>
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  <a href="#movelast">MoveLast</a> <a href="#abspos">AbsolutePosition</a> <a href="#currentrow">CurrentRow</a>
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  <a href="#atfirstpage">AtFirstPage</a> <a href="#atlastpage">AtLastPage</a>
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  <a href="#absolutepage">AbsolutePage</a> </font> <font size="2"><br>
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  Menu generation:<a href="#getmenu">GetMenu</a> <a href="#getmenu2">GetMenu2</a><br>
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  Dates:<a href="#userdate">UserDate</a> <a href="#usertimestamp">UserTimeStamp</a>
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  <a href="#unixdate">UnixDate</a> <a href="#unixtimestamp">UnixTimeStamp<br>
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  </a>Recordset Info:<a href="#recordcount">RecordCount</a> <a href="#po_recordcount">PO_RecordSet</a>
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  <a href="#nextrecordset">NextRecordSet</a><br>
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  Field Info:<a href="#fieldcount">FieldCount</a> <a href="#fetchfield">FetchField</a>
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  <a href="#metatype">MetaType</a><br>
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  Cleanup: <a href="#rsclose">Close</a></font>
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</p>
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<p><font size="2"><a href="#rs2html"><b>rs2html</b></a>&nbsp; <a href="#exrs2html">example</a></font><br>
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  <a href="#adodiff">Differences between ADOdb and ADO</a><br>
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  <a href="#driverguide"><b>Database Driver Guide<br>
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  </b></a><b><a href="#changes">Change Log</a></b><br>
139 
</p>
140 
<h2>Introduction<a name="intro"></a></h2>
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<p>PHP's database access functions are not standardised. This creates a need for
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  a database class library to hide the differences between the different database
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  API's (encapsulate the differences) so we can easily switch databases. PHP 4.0.5 or later
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  is now required (because we use array-based str_replace).</p>
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<p>We currently support MySQL, Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server, Sybase, Sybase SQL Anywhere, Informix,
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  PostgreSQL, FrontBase,  SQLite, Interbase (Firebird and Borland variants), Foxpro, Access, ADO, DB2, SAP DB and ODBC.
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  We have had successful reports of connecting to Progress and CacheLite via ODBC. We hope more people
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  will contribute drivers to support other databases.</p>
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<p>PHP4 supports session variables. You can store your session information using
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  ADOdb for true portability and scalability. See adodb-session.php for more information.</p>
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<p>Also read <a href="http://phplens.com/lens/adodb/tips_portable_sql.htm">tips_portable_sql.htm</a>
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 for tips on writing
153 
  portable SQL.</p>
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<h2>Unique Features of ADOdb<a name="features"></a></h2>
155 
<ul>
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  <li><b>Easy for Windows programmers</b> to adapt to because many of the conventions
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	are similar to Microsoft's ADO.</li>
158 
  <li>Unlike other PHP database classes which focus only on select statements,
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	<b>we provide support code to handle inserts and updates which can be adapted
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	to multiple databases quickly.</b> Methods are provided for date handling,
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	string concatenation and string quoting characters for differing databases.</li>
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  <li>A<b> metatype system </b>is built in so that we can figure out that types
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	such as CHAR, TEXT and STRING are equivalent in different databases.</li>
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  <li><b>Easy to port</b> because all the database dependant code are stored in
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	stub functions. You do not need to port the core logic of the classes.</li>
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  <li><b>Portable table and index creation</b> with the <a href="docs-datadict.htm">datadict</a> classes.
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  </li><li><b>Database performance monitoring and SQL tuning</b> with the <a href="docs-perf.htm">performance monitoring</a> classes.
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  </li><li><b>Database-backed sessions</b> with the <a href="docs-session.htm">session management</a> classes. Supports session expiry notification.
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<li><b>Object-Relational Mapping</b> using <a href="docs-active-record.htm">ADOdb_Active_Record</a> classes.
170 
</li></ul>
171 
<h2>How People are using ADOdb<a name="users"></a></h2>
172 
Here are some examples of how people are using ADOdb (for a much longer list,
173 
visit <a href="http://phplens.com/phpeverywhere/adodb-cool-apps">adodb-cool-apps</a>):
174 
<ul>
175 
<li><a href="http://phplens.com/">PhpLens</a> is a commercial data grid
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component that allows both cool Web designers and serious unshaved
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programmers to develop and maintain databases on the Web easily.
178 
Developed by the author of ADOdb.<p>
179 
 
180 
</p></li><li><a href="http://www.interakt.ro/phakt/">PHAkt: PHP Extension for DreamWeaver Ultradev</a> allows you to script PHP in the popular Web page editor. Database handling provided by ADOdb.<p>
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182 
</p></li><li><a href="http://www.andrew.cmu.edu/%7Erdanyliw/snort/snortacid.html">Analysis Console for Intrusion Databases</a>
183 
(ACID): PHP-based analysis engine to search and process a database of
184 
security incidents generated by security-related software such as IDSes
185 
and firewalls (e.g. Snort, ipchains). By Roman Danyliw.<p>
186 
 
187 
</p></li><li><a href="http://www.postnuke.com/">PostNuke</a> is a very
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popular free content management system and weblog system. It offers
189 
full CSS support, HTML 4.01 transitional compliance throughout, an
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advanced blocks system, and is fully multi-lingual enabled. <p>
191 
 
192 
</p></li><li><a href="http://www.auto-net.no/easypublish.php?page=index&amp;lang_id=2">EasyPublish CMS</a>
193 
is another free content management system for managing information and
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integrated modules on your internet, intranet- and extranet-sites. From
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Norway.<p>
196 
 
197 
</p></li><li><a href="http://nola.noguska.com/">NOLA</a> is a full featured accounting, inventory, and job tracking application. It is licensed under the GPL, and developed by Noguska.
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</li></ul><p>
199 
 
200 
</p><h2>Feature Requests and Bug Reports<a name="bugs"></a></h2>
201 
<p>Feature requests and bug reports can be emailed to <a href="mailto:jlim#natsoft.com.my">jlim#natsoft.com.my</a>
202 
  or posted to the ADOdb Help forums at <a href="http://phplens.com/lens/lensforum/topics.php?id=4">http://phplens.com/lens/lensforum/topics.php?id=4</a>.</p>
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<h2>Installation Guide<a name="install"></a></h2>
204 
<p>Make sure you are running PHP 4.0.5 or later.
205 
  Unpack all the files into a directory accessible by your webserver.</p>
206 
<p>To test, try modifying some of the tutorial examples. Make sure you customize
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  the connection settings correctly. You can debug using <i>$db-&gt;debug = true</i> as shown below:</p>
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<pre>&lt;?php<br>	include('adodb/adodb.inc.php');<br>	$db = <a href="#adonewconnection">ADONewConnection</a>($dbdriver); # eg 'mysql' or 'postgres'<br>	$db-&gt;debug = true;<br>	$db-&gt;<a href="#connect">Connect</a>($server, $user, $password, $database);<br>	$rs = $db-&gt;<a href="#execute">Execute</a>('select * from some_small_table');<br>	print "&lt;pre&gt;";<br>	print_r($rs-&gt;<a href="#getrows">GetRows</a>());<br>	print "&lt;/pre&gt;";<br>?&gt;</pre>
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210 
 <h3>Minimum Install<a name="mininstall"></a></h3>
211 
<p>For developers who want to release a minimal install of ADOdb, you will need:
212 
</p><ul>
213 
<li>adodb.inc.php
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</li><li>adodb-lib.inc.php
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</li><li>adodb-time.inc.php
216 
</li><li>drivers/adodb-$database.inc.php
217 
</li><li>license.txt (for legal reasons)
218 
</li><li>adodb-php4.inc.php
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</li><li>adodb-iterator.inc.php  (php5 functionality)
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</li></ul>
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Optional:
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<ul>
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<li>adodb-error.inc.php and lang/adodb-$lang.inc.php (if you use MetaError())
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</li><li>adodb-csvlib.inc.php (if you use cached recordsets - CacheExecute(), etc)
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</li><li>adodb-exceptions.inc.php and adodb-errorhandler.inc.php (if you use adodb error handler or php5 exceptions).
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<li>adodb-active-record.inc.php if you use <a href=docs-active-record.htm>Active Records</a>.
227 
</li></ul>
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229 
<h3>Code Initialization Examples<a name="coding"></a></h3>
230 
<p>When running ADOdb, at least two files are loaded. First is adodb/adodb.inc.php,
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 which contains all functions used by all database classes. The code specific
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 to a particular database is in the adodb/driver/adodb-????.inc.php file.</p>
233 
 <a name="adonewconnection"></a>
234 
<p>For example, to connect to a mysql database:</p>
235 
<pre>include('/path/to/set/here/adodb.inc.php');<br>$conn = &amp;ADONewConnection('mysql');<br></pre>
236 
<p>Whenever you need to connect to a database, you create a Connection object
237 
  using the <b>ADONewConnection</b>($driver) function.
238 
  <b>NewADOConnection</b>($driver) is an alternative name for the same function.</p>
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240 
<p>At this point, you are not connected to the database (no longer true if you pass in a <a href="#dsnsupport">dsn</a>). You will first need to decide
241 
whether to use <i>persistent</i> or <i>non-persistent</i> connections. The advantage of <i>persistent</i>
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connections is that they are faster, as the database connection is never closed (even
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when you call Close()). <i>Non-persistent </i>connections take up much fewer resources though,
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reducing the risk of your database and your web-server becoming overloaded.
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</p><p>For persistent connections,
246 
use $conn-&gt;<a href="#pconnect">PConnect()</a>,
247 
 or $conn-&gt;<a href="#connect">Connect()</a> for non-persistent connections.
248 
Some database drivers also support <a href="#nconnect">NConnect()</a>, which forces
249 
the creation of a new connection.
250 
 
251 
<a name="connection_gotcha"></a>
252 
</p><p><b>Connection Gotcha</b>:  If you create two connections, but both use the same userid and password,
253 
PHP will share the same connection. This can cause problems if the connections are meant to
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different databases. The solution is to always use different userid's for different databases,
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 or use NConnect().
256 
 
257 
 <a name="dsnsupport"></a>
258 
 </p><h3>Data Source Name (DSN) Support</h3>
259 
 <p> Since ADOdb 4.51, you can connect to a database by passing a dsn to NewADOConnection() (or ADONewConnection, which is
260 
 the same function). The dsn format is:
261 
</p><pre>	$driver://$username:$password@hostname/$database?options[=value]<br></pre><p>
262 
NewADOConnection() calls Connect() or PConnect() internally for you. If the connection fails, false is returned.
263 
</p><pre>	<font color="#008000"># non-persistent connection</font>
264 
	$dsn = 'mysql://root:pwd@localhost/mydb';
265 
	$db = NewADOConnection($dsn);
266 
	if (!$db) die("Connection failed");
267 
 
268 
	<font color="#008000"># no need to call connect/pconnect!</font>
269 
	$arr = $db-&gt;GetArray("select * from table");
270 
 
271 
	<font color="#008000"># persistent connection</font>
272 
	$dsn2 = 'mysql://root:pwd@localhost/mydb?persist';
273 
</pre>
274 
<p>
275 
If you have special characters such as /:? in your dsn, then you need to rawurlencode them first:
276 
</p><pre>	$pwd = rawurlencode($pwd);<br>	$dsn = "mysql://root:$pwd@localhost/mydb";<br></pre>
277 
<p>
278 
Legal options are:
279 
</p><p>
280 
<table align="center" border="1"><tbody><tr><td>For all drivers</td><td>
281 
	'persist', 'persistent', 'debug', 'fetchmode', 'new'
282 
	</td></tr><tr><td>Interbase/Firebird
283 
	</td><td>
284 
					 'dialect','charset','buffers','role'
285 
	</td></tr><tr><td>M'soft ADO</td><td>
286 
					 'charpage'
287 
 
288 
		</td></tr><tr><td>MySQL</td><td>
289 
					'clientflags'
290 
</td></tr><tr><td>MySQLi</td><td>
291 
	'port', 'socket', 'clientflags'
292 
</td></tr><tr><td>Oci8</td><td>
293 
 'nls_date_format','charset'
294 
</td></tr></tbody></table>
295 
</p><p>
296 
For all drivers, when the options <i>persist</i> or <i>persistent</i> are set,  a persistent connection is forced; similarly, when <i>new</i> is set, then
297 
a new connection will be created using NConnect if the underlying driver supports it.
298 
The <i>debug</i> option enables debugging. The <i>fetchmode</i> calls <a href="#setfetchmode">SetFetchMode()</a>.
299 
If no value is defined for an option, then the value is set to 1.
300 
</p><p>
301 
ADOdb DSN's are compatible with version 1.0 of PEAR DB's DSN format.
302 
<a name="connect_ex">
303 
</a></p><h3><a name="connect_ex">Examples of Connecting to Databases</a></h3>
304 
<h4><a name="connect_ex">MySQL and Most Other Database Drivers</a></h4>
305 
<p><a name="connect_ex">MySQL connections are very straightforward, and the parameters are identical
306 
  to mysql_connect:</a></p>
307 
<pre><a name="connect_ex">	$conn = &amp;ADONewConnection('mysql'); <br>	$conn-&gt;PConnect('localhost','userid','password','database');<br>	<br>	<font color="#008000"># or dsn </font>
308 
	$dsn = 'mysql://user:pwd@localhost/mydb';
309 
	$conn = ADONewConnection($dsn);  # no need for Connect()
310 
 
311 
	<font color="#008000"># or persistent dsn</font>
312 
	$dsn = 'mysql://user:pwd@localhost/mydb?persist';
313 
	$conn = ADONewConnection($dsn);  # no need for PConnect()
314 
 
315 
	<font color="#008000"># a more complex example:</font>
316 
	$pwd = urlencode($pwd);
317 
	$flags =  MYSQL_CLIENT_COMPRESS;
318 
	$dsn = "mysql://user:$pwd@localhost/mydb?persist&amp;clientflags=$flags";
319 
	$conn = ADONewConnection($dsn);  # no need for PConnect()
320 
 </a></pre>
321 
<p><a name="connect_ex"> For most drivers, you can use the standard function: Connect($server, $user, $password, $database), or
322 
a </a><a href="dsnsupport">DSN</a> since ADOdb 4.51. Exceptions to this are listed below.
323 
</p>
324 
<a name=pdo>
325 
<h4>PDO</h4>
326 
<p>PDO, which only works with PHP5, accepts a driver specific connection string:
327 
<pre>
328 
	$conn =& NewADConnection('pdo');
329 
	$conn->Connect('mysql:host=localhost',$user,$pwd,$mydb);
330 
	$conn->Connect('mysql:host=localhost;dbname=mydb',$user,$pwd);
331 
	$conn->Connect("mysql:host=localhost;dbname=mydb;username=$user;password=$pwd");
332 
</pre>
333 
<p>The DSN mechanism is also supported:
334 
<pre>
335 
	$conn =& NewADConnection("pdo_mysql://user:pwd@localhost/mydb?persist"); # persist is optional
336 
</pre>
337 
<h4>PostgreSQL</h4>
338 
<p>PostgreSQL 7 and 8 accepts connections using: </p>
339 
<p>a. the standard connection string:</p>
340 
<pre>	$conn = &amp;ADONewConnection('postgres');  <br>	$conn-&gt;PConnect('host=localhost port=5432 dbname=mary');</pre>
341 
<p> b. the classical 4 parameters:</p>
342 
 <pre>	$conn-&gt;PConnect('localhost','userid','password','database');<br> </pre>
343 
<p>c. dsn:
344 
</p><pre>	$dsn = 'postgres://user:pwd@localhost/mydb?persist';  # persist is optional
345 
	$conn = ADONewConnection($dsn);  # no need for Connect/PConnect<br></pre>
346 
<a name="ldap"></a>
347 
 
348 
 <h4>LDAP</h4>
349 
  <p>Here is an example of querying a LDAP server. Thanks to Josh Eldridge for the driver and this example:
350 
</p><pre>
351 
require('/path/to/adodb.inc.php');
352 
 
353 
/* Make sure to set this BEFORE calling Connect() */
354 
$LDAP_CONNECT_OPTIONS = Array(
355 
	Array ("OPTION_NAME"=>LDAP_OPT_DEREF, "OPTION_VALUE"=>2),
356 
	Array ("OPTION_NAME"=>LDAP_OPT_SIZELIMIT,"OPTION_VALUE"=>100),
357 
	Array ("OPTION_NAME"=>LDAP_OPT_TIMELIMIT,"OPTION_VALUE"=>30),
358 
	Array ("OPTION_NAME"=>LDAP_OPT_PROTOCOL_VERSION,"OPTION_VALUE"=>3),
359 
	Array ("OPTION_NAME"=>LDAP_OPT_ERROR_NUMBER,"OPTION_VALUE"=>13),
360 
	Array ("OPTION_NAME"=>LDAP_OPT_REFERRALS,"OPTION_VALUE"=>FALSE),
361 
	Array ("OPTION_NAME"=>LDAP_OPT_RESTART,"OPTION_VALUE"=>FALSE)
362 
);
363 
$host = 'ldap.baylor.edu';
364 
$ldapbase = 'ou=People,o=Baylor University,c=US';
365 
 
366 
$ldap = NewADOConnection( 'ldap' );
367 
$ldap->Connect( $host, $user_name='', $password='', $ldapbase );
368 
 
369 
echo "&lt;pre>";
370 
 
371 
print_r( $ldap->ServerInfo() );
372 
$ldap->SetFetchMode(ADODB_FETCH_ASSOC);
373 
$userName = 'eldridge';
374 
$filter="(|(CN=$userName*)(sn=$userName*)(givenname=$userName*)(uid=$userName*))";
375 
 
376 
$rs = $ldap->Execute( $filter );
377 
if ($rs)
378 
	while ($arr = $rs->FetchRow()) {
379 
	     print_r($arr);
380 
	}
381 
 
382 
$rs = $ldap->Execute( $filter );
383 
if ($rs)
384 
	while (!$rs->EOF) {
385 
 		print_r($rs->fields);
386 
		$rs->MoveNext();
387 
	}
388 
 
389 
print_r( $ldap->GetArray( $filter ) );
390 
print_r( $ldap->GetRow( $filter ) );
391 
 
392 
$ldap->Close();
393 
echo "&lt;/pre>";
394 
</pre>
395 
<p>Using DSN:
396 
<pre>
397 
$dsn = "ldap://ldap.baylor.edu/ou=People,o=Baylor University,c=US";
398 
$db = NewADOConnection($dsn);
399 
</pre>
400 
<h4>Interbase/Firebird</h4>
401 
You define the database in the $host parameter:
402 
<pre>	$conn = &amp;ADONewConnection('ibase'); <br>	$conn-&gt;PConnect('localhost:c:\ibase\employee.gdb','sysdba','masterkey');<br></pre>
403 
<p>Or dsn:
404 
</p><pre>	$dsn = 'firebird://user:pwd@localhost/mydb?persist&amp;dialect=3';  # persist is optional<br>	$conn = ADONewConnection($dsn);  # no need for Connect/PConnect<br></pre>
405 
<h4>SQLite</h4>
406 
Sqlite will create the database file if it does not exist.
407 
<pre>	$conn = &amp;ADONewConnection('sqlite');
408 
	$conn-&gt;PConnect('c:\path\to\sqlite.db'); # sqlite will create if does not exist<br></pre>
409 
<p>Or dsn:
410 
</p><pre>	$path = urlencode('c:\path\to\sqlite.db');
411 
	$dsn = "sqlite://$path/?persist";  # persist is optional
412 
	$conn = ADONewConnection($dsn);  # no need for Connect/PConnect<br></pre>
413 
<h4>Oracle (oci8)</h4>
414 
<p>With oci8, you can connect in multiple ways. Note that oci8 works fine with
415 
newer versions of the Oracle, eg. 9i and 10g.</p>
416 
<p>a. PHP and Oracle reside on the same machine, use default SID.</p>
417 
<pre>	$conn-&gt;Connect(false, 'scott', 'tiger');</pre>
418 
<p>b. TNS Name defined in tnsnames.ora (or ONAMES or HOSTNAMES), eg. 'myTNS'</p>
419 
<pre>	$conn-&gt;PConnect(false, 'scott', 'tiger', 'myTNS');</pre>
420 
<p>or</p>
421 
<pre> 	$conn-&gt;PConnect('myTNS', 'scott', 'tiger');</pre>
422 
<p>c. Host Address and SID</p>
423 
<pre>
424 
	$conn->connectSID = true;
425 
	$conn-&gt;Connect('192.168.0.1', 'scott', 'tiger', 'SID');</pre>
426 
<p>d. Host Address and Service Name</p>
427 
<pre>	$conn-&gt;Connect('192.168.0.1', 'scott', 'tiger', 'servicename');</pre>
428 
<p>e. Oracle connection string:
429 
</p><pre>	$cstr = "(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=$host)(PORT=$port))<br>			(CONNECT_DATA=(SID=$sid)))";<br>	$conn-&gt;Connect($cstr, 'scott', 'tiger');<br></pre>
430 
<p>f. ADOdb dsn:
431 
</p><pre>	$dsn = 'oci8://user:pwd@tnsname/?persist';  # persist is optional<br>	$conn = ADONewConnection($dsn);  # no need for Connect/PConnect<br>	<br>	$dsn = 'oci8://user:pwd@host/sid';<br>	$conn = ADONewConnection($dsn);<br>	<br>	$dsn = 'oci8://user:pwd@/';   # oracle on local machine<br>	$conn = ADONewConnection($dsn);<br></pre>
432 
<p>You can also set the charSet for Oracle 9.2 and later, supported since PHP 4.3.2, ADOdb 4.54:
433 
</p><pre>	$conn-&gt;charSet = 'we8iso8859p1';<br>	$conn-&gt;Connect(...);<br>	<br>	# or<br>	$dsn = 'oci8://user:pwd@tnsname/?charset=WE8MSWIN1252';<br>	$db = ADONewConnection($dsn);<br></pre>
434 
<a name="dsnless"></a>
435 
<h4>DSN-less ODBC ( Access, MSSQL and DB2 examples)</h4>
436 
<p>ODBC DSN's can be created in the ODBC control panel, or you can use a DSN-less
437 
  connection.To use DSN-less connections with ODBC you need PHP 4.3 or later.
438 
</p>
439 
<p>For Microsoft Access:</p>
440 
<pre>	$db =&amp; ADONewConnection('access');<br>	$dsn = <strong>"Driver={Microsoft Access Driver (*.mdb)};Dbq=d:\\northwind.mdb;Uid=Admin;Pwd=;";</strong>
441 
	$db-&gt;Connect($dsn);
442 
</pre>
443 
For Microsoft SQL Server:
444 
<pre>	$db =&amp; ADONewConnection('odbc_mssql');<br>	$dsn = <strong>"Driver={SQL Server};Server=localhost;Database=northwind;"</strong>;<br>	$db-&gt;Connect($dsn,'userid','password');<br></pre>
445 
or if you prefer to use the mssql extension (which is limited to mssql 6.5 functionality):
446 
<pre>	$db =&amp; ADONewConnection('mssql');<br>	$db-&gt;Execute('localhost', 'userid', 'password', 'northwind');<br></pre>
447 
For DB2:
448 
<pre>
449 
	$dbms = 'db2'; # or 'odbc_db2' if db2 extension not available
450 
	$db =&amp; ADONewConnection($dbms);
451 
	$dsn = "driver={IBM db2 odbc DRIVER};Database=sample;hostname=localhost;port=50000;protocol=TCPIP;".
452 
				"uid=root; pwd=secret";<br>	$db-&gt;Connect($dsn);
453 
</pre>
454 
<b>DSN-less Connections with ADO</b><br>
455 
If you are using versions of PHP earlier than PHP 4.3.0, DSN-less connections
456 
only work with Microsoft's ADO, which is Microsoft's COM based API. An example
457 
using the ADOdb library and Microsoft's ADO:
458 
<pre>&lt;?php<br>	include('adodb.inc.php'); <br>	$db = &amp;ADONewConnection("ado_mssql");<br>	print "&lt;h1&gt;Connecting DSN-less $db-&gt;databaseType...&lt;/h1&gt;";<br>		<br>	<b>$myDSN="PROVIDER=MSDASQL;DRIVER={SQL Server};"<br>		. "SERVER=flipper;DATABASE=ai;UID=sa;PWD=;"  ;</b>
459 
	$db-&gt;Connect($myDSN);
460 
 
461 
	$rs = $db-&gt;Execute("select * from table");
462 
	$arr = $rs-&gt;GetArray();
463 
	print_r($arr);
464 
?&gt;
465 
</pre><a name="speed"></a>
466 
<h2>High Speed ADOdb - tuning tips</h2>
467 
<p>ADOdb is a big class library, yet it <a href="http://phplens.com/lens/adodb/">consistently beats</a> all other PHP class
468 
  libraries in performance. This is because it is designed in a layered fashion,
469 
  like an onion, with the fastest functions in the innermost layer. Stick to the
470 
  following functions for best performance:</p>
471 
<table align="center" border="1" width="40%">
472 
  <tbody><tr>
473 
    <td><div align="center"><b>Innermost Layer</b></div></td>
474 
  </tr>
475 
  <tr>
476 
    <td><p align="center">Connect, PConnect, NConnect<br>
477 
        Execute, CacheExecute<br>
478 
        SelectLimit, CacheSelectLimit<br>
479 
        MoveNext, Close <br>
480 
		qstr, Affected_Rows, Insert_ID</p></td>
481 
  </tr>
482 
</tbody></table>
483 
<p>The fastest way to access the field data is by accessing the array $recordset-&gt;fields
484 
  directly. Also set the global variables <a href="#adodb_fetch_mode">$ADODB_FETCH_MODE</a>
485 
  = ADODB_FETCH_NUM, and (for oci8, ibase/firebird and odbc) <a href="#adodb_countrecs">$ADODB_COUNTRECS</a> = false
486 
  before you connect to your database.</p>
487 
<p>Consider using bind parameters if your database supports it, as it improves
488 
  query plan reuse. Use ADOdb's performance tuning system to identify bottlenecks
489 
  quickly. At the time of writing (Dec 2003), this means oci8 and odbc drivers.</p>
490 
 <p>Lastly make sure you have a PHP accelerator cache installed such as APC, Turck
491 
  MMCache, Zend Accelerator or ionCube.</p>
492 
 <p>Some examples:</p>
493 
 <table align="center" border="1"><tbody><tr><td><b>Fastest data retrieval using PHP</b></td><td><b>Fastest data retrieval using ADOdb extension</b></td></tr>
494 
<tr><td>
495 
<pre>$rs =&amp; $rs-&gt;Execute($sql);<br>while (!$rs-&gt;EOF) {<br>	var_dump($rs-&gt;fields);<br>	$rs-&gt;MoveNext();<br>}</pre></td><td>
496 
<pre>$rs =&amp; $rs-&gt;Execute($sql);<br>$array = adodb_getall($rs);<br>var_dump($array);<br><br><br></pre></td></tr></tbody></table>
497 
 <p><b>Advanced Tips</b>
498 
 </p><p>If you have the <a href="http://adodb.sourceforge.net/#extension">ADOdb C extension</a> installed,
499 
 you can replace your calls to $rs-&gt;MoveNext() with adodb_movenext($rs).
500 
 This doubles the speed of this operation. For retrieving entire recordsets at once,
501 
use GetArray(), which uses the high speed extension function adodb_getall($rs) internally.
502 
 </p><p>Execute() is the default way to run queries. You can use the low-level functions _Execute() and _query()
503 
to reduce query overhead.  Both these functions share the same parameters as Execute().
504 
</p><p>If you do not have any bind parameters or your database supports
505 
binding (without emulation),
506 
then you can call _Execute() directly. Calling this function bypasses
507 
bind emulation. Debugging is still supported in _Execute().
508 
</p><p>If you do not require debugging facilities nor emulated
509 
binding, and do not require a recordset to be returned, then you can
510 
call _query. This is great for inserts, updates and deletes. Calling
511 
this function
512 
bypasses emulated binding, debugging, and recordset handling. Either
513 
the resultid, true or false are returned by _query(). </p><p>For Informix, you can disable scrollable cursors with $db-&gt;cursorType = 0.
514 
</p><p><a name="hack"></a> </p>
515 
<h2>Hacking ADOdb Safely</h2>
516 
<p>You might want to modify ADOdb for your own purposes. Luckily you can
517 
still maintain backward compatibility by sub-classing ADOdb and using the $ADODB_NEWCONNECTION
518 
variable. $ADODB_NEWCONNECTION allows you to override the behaviour of ADONewConnection().
519 
ADOConnection() checks for this variable and will call
520 
the function-name stored in this variable if it is defined.
521 
</p><p>In the following example, new functionality for the connection object
522 
is placed in the <i>hack_mysql</i> and <i>hack_postgres7</i> classes. The recordset class naming convention
523 
can be controlled using $rsPrefix. Here we set it to 'hack_rs_', which will make ADOdb use
524 
<i>hack_rs_mysql</i> and <i>hack_rs_postgres7</i> as the recordset classes.
525 
 
526 
 
527 
</p><pre>class hack_mysql extends adodb_mysql {<br>var $rsPrefix = 'hack_rs_';<br>  /* Your mods here */<br>}<br><br>class hack_rs_mysql extends ADORecordSet_mysql {<br>	 /* Your mods here */<br>}<br><br>class hack_postgres7 extends adodb_postgres7 {<br>var $rsPrefix = 'hack_rs_';<br>  /* Your mods here */<br>}<br><br>class hack_rs_postgres7 extends ADORecordSet_postgres7 {<br> /* Your mods here */<br>}<br><br>$ADODB_NEWCONNECTION = 'hack_factory';<br><br>function&amp; hack_factory($driver)<br>{<br>	if ($driver !== 'mysql' &amp;&amp; $driver !== 'postgres7') return false;<br>	<br>	$driver = 'hack_'.$driver;<br>	$obj = new $driver();<br>	return $obj;<br>}<br><br>include_once('adodb.inc.php');<br></pre>
528 
<p></p><p>Don't forget to call the constructor of the parent class in
529 
your constructor. If you want to use the default ADOdb drivers return
530 
false in the above hack_factory() function.
531 
<a name="php5"></a>
532 
</p><h2>PHP5 Features</h2>
533 
 ADOdb 4.02 or later will transparently determine which version of PHP you are using.
534 
If PHP5 is detected, the following features become available:
535 
<ul>
536 
 
537 
<li><b>PDO</b>: PDO drivers are available. See the <a href=#pdo>connection examples</a>. Currently PDO drivers are
538 
 not as powerful as native drivers, and should be treated as experimental.<br><br>
539 
<a name="php5iterators"></a>
540 
<li><b>Foreach iterators</b>: This is a very natural way of going through a recordset:
541 
<pre>	$ADODB_FETCH_MODE = ADODB_FETCH_NUM;<br>	$rs = $db-&gt;Execute($sql);<br>	foreach($rs as $k =&gt; $row) {<br>		echo "r1=".$row[0]." r2=".$row[1]."&lt;br&gt;";<br>	}<br></pre>
542 
<p>
543 
<a name="php5exceptions"></a>
544 
</p></li><li><b>Exceptions</b>: Just include <i>adodb-exceptions.inc.php</i> and you can now
545 
catch exceptions on errors as they occur.
546 
<pre>	<b>include("../adodb-exceptions.inc.php");</b> <br>	include("../adodb.inc.php");	 <br>	try { <br>		$db = NewADOConnection("oci8"); <br>		$db-&gt;Connect('','scott','bad-password'); <br>	} catch (exception $e) { <br>		var_dump($e); <br>		adodb_backtrace($e-&gt;gettrace());<br>	} <br></pre>
547 
<p>Note that reaching EOF is <b>not</b> considered an error nor an exception.
548 
</p></li></ul>
549 
<h3><a name="drivers"></a>Databases Supported</h3>
550 
The <i>name</i> below is the value you pass to NewADOConnection($name) to create a  connection object for that database.
551 
<p>
552 
</p><p>
553 
</p><table border="1" width="100%">
554 
  <tbody><tr valign="top">
555 
    <td><b>Name</b></td>
556 
    <td><b>Tested</b></td>
557 
    <td><b>Database</b></td>
558 
    <td><b><font size="2">RecordCount() usable</font></b></td>
559 
    <td><b>Prerequisites</b></td>
560 
    <td><b>Operating Systems</b></td>
561 
  </tr>
562 
  <tr valign="top">
563 
    <td><b><font size="2">access</font></b></td>
564 
    <td><font size="2">B</font></td>
565 
    <td><font size="2">Microsoft Access/Jet. You need to create an ODBC DSN.</font></td>
566 
    <td><font size="2">Y/N</font></td>
567 
    <td><font size="2">ODBC </font></td>
568 
    <td><font size="2">Windows only</font></td>
569 
  </tr>
570 
  <tr valign="top">
571 
    <td><b><font size="2">ado</font></b></td>
572 
    <td><font size="2">B</font></td>
573 
    <td><p><font size="2">Generic ADO, not tuned for specific databases. Allows
574 
        DSN-less connections. For best performance, use an OLEDB provider. This
575 
        is the base class for all ado drivers.</font></p>
576 
      <p><font size="2">You can set $db-&gt;codePage before connecting.</font></p></td>
577 
    <td><font size="2">? depends on database</font></td>
578 
    <td><font size="2">ADO or OLEDB provider</font></td>
579 
    <td><font size="2">Windows only</font></td>
580 
  </tr>
581 
  <tr valign="top">
582 
    <td><b><font size="2">ado_access</font></b></td>
583 
    <td><font size="2">B</font></td>
584 
    <td><font size="2">Microsoft Access/Jet using ADO. Allows DSN-less connections.
585 
      For best performance, use an OLEDB provider.</font></td>
586 
    <td><font size="2">Y/N</font></td>
587 
    <td><font size="2">ADO or OLEDB provider</font></td>
588 
    <td><font size="2">Windows only</font></td>
589 
  </tr>
590 
  <tr valign="top">
591 
    <td><b><font size="2">ado_mssql</font></b></td>
592 
    <td><font size="2">B</font></td>
593 
    <td><font size="2">Microsoft SQL Server using ADO. Allows DSN-less connections.
594 
      For best performance, use an OLEDB provider.</font></td>
595 
    <td><font size="2">Y/N</font></td>
596 
    <td><font size="2">ADO or OLEDB provider</font></td>
597 
    <td><font size="2">Windows only</font></td>
598 
  </tr>
599 
    <tr valign="top">
600 
    <td height="54"><b><font size="2">db2</font></b></td>
601 
    <td height="54"><font size="2">C</font></td>
602 
    <td height="54"><font size="2">Uses PHP's db2-specific extension for better performance.</font></td>
603 
    <td height="54"><font size="2">Y/N</font></td>
604 
    <td height="54"><font size="2">DB2 CLI/ODBC interface</font></td>
605 
    <td height="54"> <p><font size="2">Unix and Windows. Requires IBM DB2 Universal Database client.</font></p></td>
606 
  </tr>
607 
  <tr valign="top">
608 
    <td height="54"><b><font size="2">odbc_db2</font></b></td>
609 
    <td height="54"><font size="2">C</font></td>
610 
    <td height="54"><font size="2">Connects to DB2 using generic ODBC extension.</font></td>
611 
    <td height="54"><font size="2">Y/N</font></td>
612 
    <td height="54"><font size="2">DB2 CLI/ODBC interface</font></td>
613 
    <td height="54"> <p><font size="2">Unix and Windows. <a href="http://www.faqts.com/knowledge_base/view.phtml/aid/6283/fid/14">Unix
614 
        install hints</a>. I have had reports that the $host and $database params have to be reversed in Connect() when using the CLI interface.</font></p></td>
615 
  </tr>
616 
  <tr valign="top">
617 
    <td><b><font size="2">vfp</font></b></td>
618 
    <td><font size="2">A</font></td>
619 
    <td><font size="2">Microsoft Visual FoxPro. You need to create an ODBC DSN.</font></td>
620 
    <td><font size="2">Y/N</font></td>
621 
    <td><font size="2">ODBC</font></td>
622 
    <td><font size="2">Windows only</font></td>
623 
  </tr>
624 
  <tr valign="top">
625 
    <td><b><font size="2">fbsql</font></b></td>
626 
    <td><font size="2">C</font></td>
627 
    <td><font size="2">FrontBase. </font></td>
628 
    <td><font size="2">Y</font></td>
629 
    <td><font size="2">?</font></td>
630 
    <td> <p><font size="2">Unix and Windows</font></p></td>
631 
  </tr>
632 
  <tr valign="top">
633 
    <td><b><font size="2">ibase</font></b></td>
634 
    <td><font size="2">B</font></td>
635 
    <td><font size="2">Interbase 6 or earlier. Some users report you might need
636 
      to use this<br>
637 
      $db-&gt;PConnect('localhost:c:/ibase/employee.gdb', "sysdba", "masterkey")
638 
      to connect. Lacks Affected_Rows currently.<br>
639 
      <br>
640 
      You can set $db-&gt;role, $db-&gt;dialect, $db-&gt;buffers and $db-&gt;charSet before connecting.</font></td>
641 
    <td><font size="2">Y/N</font></td>
642 
    <td><font size="2">Interbase client</font></td>
643 
    <td><font size="2">Unix and Windows</font></td>
644 
  </tr>
645 
  <tr valign="top">
646 
    <td><b><i><font size="2">firebird</font></i></b></td>
647 
    <td><font size="2">C</font></td>
648 
    <td><font size="2">Firebird version of interbase.</font></td>
649 
    <td><font size="2">Y/N</font></td>
650 
    <td><font size="2">Interbase client</font></td>
651 
    <td><font size="2">Unix and Windows</font></td>
652 
  </tr>
653 
  <tr valign="top">
654 
    <td><b><i><font size="2">borland_ibase</font></i></b></td>
655 
    <td><font size="2">C</font></td>
656 
    <td><font size="2">Borland version of Interbase 6.5 or later. Very sad that
657 
      the forks differ.</font></td>
658 
    <td><font size="2">Y/N</font></td>
659 
    <td><font size="2">Interbase client</font></td>
660 
    <td><font size="2">Unix and Windows</font></td>
661 
  </tr>
662 
 
663 
  <tr valign="top">
664 
    <td><b><font size="2">informix</font></b></td>
665 
    <td><font size="2">C</font></td>
666 
    <td><font size="2">Generic informix driver. Use this if you are using Informix 7.3 or later.</font></td>
667 
    <td><font size="2">Y/N</font></td>
668 
    <td><font size="2">Informix client</font></td>
669 
    <td><font size="2">Unix and Windows</font></td>
670 
  </tr>
671 
  <tr valign="top">
672 
    <td><b><font size="2">informix72</font></b></td>
673 
    <td><font size="2">C</font></td>
674 
    <td><font size="2"> Informix databases before Informix 7.3 that do no support
675 
      SELECT FIRST.</font></td>
676 
    <td><font size="2">Y/N</font></td>
677 
    <td><font size="2">Informix client</font></td>
678 
    <td><font size="2">Unix and Windows</font></td>
679 
  </tr>
680 
  <tr valign="top">
681 
    <td><b><font size="2">ldap</font></b></td>
682 
    <td><font size="2">C</font></td>
683 
    <td><font size="2">LDAP driver. See this example for usage information.</font></td>
684 
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
685 
    <td><font size="2">LDAP extension</font></td>
686 
    <td><font size="2">?</font></td>
687 
  </tr>
688 
  <tr valign="top">
689 
    <td height="73"><b><font size="2">mssql</font></b></td>
690 
    <td height="73"><font size="2">A</font></td>
691 
    <td height="73"> <p><font size="2">Microsoft SQL Server 7 and later. Works
692 
        with Microsoft SQL Server 2000 also. Note that date formating is problematic
693 
        with this driver. For example, the PHP mssql extension does not return
694 
        the seconds for datetime!</font></p></td>
695 
    <td height="73"><font size="2">Y/N</font></td>
696 
    <td height="73"><font size="2">Mssql client</font></td>
697 
    <td height="73"> <p><font size="2">Unix and Windows. <br>
698 
        <a href="http://phpbuilder.com/columns/alberto20000919.php3">Unix install
699 
        howto</a> and <a href="http://linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=6636&amp;mode=thread&amp;order=0">another
700 
        one</a>. </font></p></td>
701 
  </tr>
702 
  <tr valign="top">
703 
    <td height="73"><b><font size="2">mssqlpo</font></b></td>
704 
    <td height="73"><font size="2">A</font></td>
705 
    <td height="73"> <p><font size="2">Portable mssql driver. Identical to above
706 
        mssql driver, except that '||', the concatenation operator, is converted
707 
        to '+'. Useful for porting scripts from most other sql variants that use
708 
        ||.</font></p></td>
709 
    <td height="73"><font size="2">Y/N</font></td>
710 
    <td height="73"><font size="2">Mssql client</font></td>
711 
    <td height="73"> <p><font size="2">Unix and Windows. <a href="http://phpbuilder.com/columns/alberto20000919.php3"><br>
712 
        Unix install howto</a>.</font></p></td>
713 
  </tr>
714 
  <tr valign="top">
715 
    <td><b><font size="2">mysql</font></b></td>
716 
    <td><font size="2">A</font></td>
717 
    <td><font size="2">MySQL without transaction support. You can also set $db-&gt;clientFlags
718 
      before connecting.</font></td>
719 
    <td><font size="2">Y</font></td>
720 
    <td><font size="2">MySQL client</font></td>
721 
    <td><font size="2">Unix and Windows</font></td>
722 
  </tr>
723 
  <tr valign="top">
724 
    <td><font size="2"><b>mysqlt</b> or <b>maxsql</b></font></td>
725 
    <td><font size="2">A</font></td>
726 
    <td> <p><font size="2">MySQL with transaction support. We recommend using
727 
        || as the concat operator for best portability. This can be done by running
728 
        MySQL using: <br>
729 
        <i>mysqld --ansi</i> or <i>mysqld --sql-mode=PIPES_AS_CONCAT</i></font></p></td>
730 
    <td><font size="2">Y/N</font></td>
731 
    <td><font size="2">MySQL client</font></td>
732 
    <td><font size="2">Unix and Windows</font></td>
733 
  </tr>
734 
  <tr valign="top">
735 
    <td><b><font size="2">oci8</font></b></td>
736 
    <td><font size="2">A</font></td>
737 
    <td><font size="2">Oracle 8/9. Has more functionality than <i>oracle</i> driver
738 
      (eg. Affected_Rows). You might have to putenv('ORACLE_HOME=...') before
739 
      Connect/PConnect. </font> <p><font size="2"> There are 2 ways of connecting
740 
        - with server IP and service name: <br>
741 
        <i>PConnect('serverip:1521','scott','tiger','service'</i>)<br>
742 
        or using an entry in TNSNAMES.ORA or ONAMES or HOSTNAMES: <br>
743 
        <i>PConnect(false, 'scott', 'tiger', $oraname)</i>. </font>
744 
      </p><p><font size="2">Since 2.31, we support Oracle REF cursor variables directly
745 
        (see <a href="#executecursor">ExecuteCursor</a>).</font> </p></td>
746 
    <td><font size="2">Y/N</font></td>
747 
    <td><font size="2">Oracle client</font></td>
748 
    <td><font size="2">Unix and Windows</font></td>
749 
  </tr>
750 
  <tr valign="top">
751 
    <td><b><font size="2">oci805</font></b></td>
752 
    <td><font size="2">C</font></td>
753 
    <td><font size="2">Supports reduced Oracle functionality for Oracle 8.0.5.
754 
      SelectLimit is not as efficient as in the oci8 or oci8po drivers.</font></td>
755 
    <td><font size="2">Y/N</font></td>
756 
    <td><font size="2">Oracle client</font></td>
757 
    <td><font size="2">Unix and Windows</font></td>
758 
  </tr>
759 
  <tr valign="top">
760 
    <td><b><font size="2">oci8po</font></b></td>
761 
    <td><font size="2">A</font></td>
762 
    <td><font size="2">Oracle 8/9 portable driver. This is nearly identical with
763 
      the oci8 driver except (a) bind variables in Prepare() use the ? convention,
764 
      instead of :bindvar, (b) field names use the more common PHP convention
765 
      of lowercase names. </font> <p><font size="2">Use this driver if porting
766 
        from other databases is important. Otherwise the oci8 driver offers better
767 
        performance. </font> </p></td>
768 
    <td><font size="2">Y/N</font></td>
769 
    <td><font size="2">Oracle client</font></td>
770 
    <td><font size="2">Unix and Windows</font></td>
771 
  </tr>
772 
  <tr valign="top">
773 
    <td><b><font size="2">odbc</font></b></td>
774 
    <td><font size="2">A</font></td>
775 
    <td><font size="2">Generic ODBC, not tuned for specific databases. To connect,
776 
      use <br>
777 
      PConnect('DSN','user','pwd'). This is the base class for all odbc derived
778 
      drivers.</font></td>
779 
    <td><font size="2">? depends on database</font></td>
780 
    <td><font size="2">ODBC</font></td>
781 
    <td><font size="2">Unix and Windows. <a href="http://phpbuilder.com/columns/alberto20000919.php3?page=4">Unix
782 
      hints.</a></font></td>
783 
  </tr>
784 
  <tr valign="top">
785 
    <td><b><font size="2">odbc_mssql</font></b></td>
786 
    <td><font size="2">C</font></td>
787 
    <td><font size="2">Uses ODBC to connect to MSSQL</font></td>
788 
    <td><font size="2">Y/N</font></td>
789 
    <td><font size="2">ODBC</font></td>
790 
    <td><font size="2">Unix and Windows. </font></td>
791 
  </tr>
792 
  <tr valign="top">
793 
    <td><b><font size="2">odbc_oracle</font></b></td>
794 
    <td><font size="2">C</font></td>
795 
    <td><font size="2">Uses ODBC to connect to Oracle</font></td>
796 
    <td><font size="2">Y/N</font></td>
797 
    <td><font size="2">ODBC</font></td>
798 
    <td><font size="2">Unix and Windows. </font></td>
799 
  </tr>
800 
 
801 
  <tr valign="top">
802 
    <td><b><font size="2">odbtp</font></b></td>
803 
    <td><font size="2">C</font></td>
804 
    <td><font size="2">Generic odbtp driver. <a href="http://odbtp.sourceforge.net/">Odbtp</a> is a software for
805 
	accessing Windows ODBC data sources from other operating systems.</font></td>
806 
    <td><font size="2">Y/N</font></td>
807 
    <td><font size="2">odbtp</font></td>
808 
    <td><font size="2">Unix and Windows</font></td>
809 
  </tr>
810 
  <tr valign="top">
811 
    <td><b><font size="2">odbtp_unicode</font></b></td>
812 
    <td><font size="2">C</font></td>
813 
    <td><font size="2">Odtbp with unicode support</font></td>
814 
    <td><font size="2">Y/N</font></td>
815 
    <td><font size="2">odbtp</font></td>
816 
    <td><font size="2">Unix and Windows</font></td>
817 
  </tr>
818 
  <tr valign="top">
819 
    <td height="34"><b><font size="2">oracle</font></b></td>
820 
    <td height="34"><font size="2">C</font></td>
821 
    <td height="34"><font size="2">Implements old Oracle 7 client API. Use oci8
822 
      driver if possible for better performance.</font></td>
823 
    <td height="34"><font size="2">Y/N</font></td>
824 
    <td height="34"><font size="2">Oracle client</font></td>
825 
    <td height="34"><font size="2">Unix and Windows</font></td>
826 
  </tr>
827 
  <tr valign="top">
828 
    <td height="34"><b><font size="2">netezza</font></b></td>
829 
    <td height="34"><font size="2">C</font></td>
830 
    <td height="34"><font size="2">Netezza driver. Netezza is based on postgres code-base.</font></td>
831 
    <td height="34"><font size="2">Y</font></td>
832 
    <td height="34"><font size="2">?</font></td>
833 
    <td height="34"><font size="2">?</font></td>
834 
  </tr>
835 
     <tr valign="top">
836 
    <td><b><font size="2">pdo</font></b></td>
837 
    <td><font size="2">C</font></td>
838 
    <td><font size="2">Generic PDO driver for PHP5. </font></td>
839 
    <td><font size="2">Y</font></td>
840 
    <td><font size="2">PDO extension and database specific drivers</font></td>
841 
    <td><font size="2">Unix and Windows. </font></td>
842 
  </tr>
843 
  <tr valign="top">
844 
    <td><b><font size="2">postgres</font></b></td>
845 
    <td><font size="2">A</font></td>
846 
    <td><font size="2">Generic PostgreSQL driver. Currently identical to postgres7
847 
      driver.</font></td>
848 
    <td><font size="2">Y</font></td>
849 
    <td><font size="2">PostgreSQL client</font></td>
850 
    <td><font size="2">Unix and Windows. </font></td>
851 
  </tr>
852 
  <tr valign="top">
853 
    <td><b><font size="2">postgres64</font></b></td>
854 
    <td><font size="2">A</font></td>
855 
    <td><font size="2">For PostgreSQL 6.4 and earlier which does not support LIMIT
856 
      internally.</font></td>
857 
    <td><font size="2">Y</font></td>
858 
    <td><font size="2">PostgreSQL client</font></td>
859 
    <td><font size="2">Unix and Windows. </font></td>
860 
  </tr>
861 
  <tr valign="top">
862 
    <td><b><font size="2">postgres7</font></b></td>
863 
    <td><font size="2">A</font></td>
864 
    <td><font size="2">PostgreSQL which supports LIMIT and other version 7 functionality.</font></td>
865 
    <td><font size="2">Y</font></td>
866 
    <td><font size="2">PostgreSQL client</font></td>
867 
    <td><font size="2">Unix and Windows. </font></td>
868 
  </tr>
869 
    <tr valign="top">
870 
    <td><b><font size="2">postgres8</font></b></td>
871 
    <td><font size="2">A</font></td>
872 
    <td><font size="2">PostgreSQL which supports version 8 functionality.</font></td>
873 
    <td><font size="2">Y</font></td>
874 
    <td><font size="2">PostgreSQL client</font></td>
875 
    <td><font size="2">Unix and Windows. </font></td>
876 
  </tr>
877 
  <tr valign="top">
878 
    <td><b><font size="2">sapdb</font></b></td>
879 
    <td><font size="2">C</font></td>
880 
    <td><font size="2">SAP DB. Should work reliably as based on ODBC driver.</font></td>
881 
    <td><font size="2">Y/N</font></td>
882 
    <td><font size="2">SAP ODBC client</font></td>
883 
    <td> <p><font size="2">?</font></p></td>
884 
  </tr>
885 
  <tr valign="top">
886 
    <td><b><font size="2">sqlanywhere</font></b></td>
887 
    <td><font size="2">C</font></td>
888 
    <td><font size="2">Sybase SQL Anywhere. Should work reliably as based on ODBC
889 
      driver.</font></td>
890 
    <td><font size="2">Y/N</font></td>
891 
    <td><font size="2">SQL Anywhere ODBC client</font></td>
892 
    <td> <p><font size="2">?</font></p></td>
893 
  </tr>
894 
  <tr valign="top">
895 
    <td height="54"><b><font size="2">sqlite</font></b></td>
896 
    <td height="54"><font size="2">B</font></td>
897 
    <td height="54"><font size="2">SQLite.</font></td>
898 
    <td height="54"><font size="2">Y</font></td>
899 
    <td height="54"><font size="2">-</font></td>
900 
    <td height="54"> <p><font size="2">Unix and Windows.</font></p></td>
901 
  </tr>
902 
    <tr valign="top">
903 
    <td height="54"><b><font size="2">sqlitepo</font></b></td>
904 
    <td height="54"><font size="2">B</font></td>
905 
    <td height="54"><font size="2">Portable SQLite driver.  This is because assoc mode does not work like other drivers in sqlite.
906 
   Namely, when selecting (joining) multiple tables, the table
907 
   	  names are included in the assoc keys in the "sqlite" driver.</font><p>
908 
<font size="2">	  In "sqlitepo" driver, the table names are stripped from the returned column names.
909 
	  When this results in a conflict,  the first field get preference.
910 
	  </font></p></td>
911 
    <td height="54"><font size="2">Y</font></td>
912 
    <td height="54"><font size="2">-</font></td>
913 
    <td height="54"> <p><font size="2">Unix and Windows.</font></p></td>
914 
  </tr>
915 
 
916 
 
917 
  <tr valign="top">
918 
    <td><b><font size="2">sybase</font></b></td>
919 
    <td><font size="2">C</font></td>
920 
    <td><font size="2">Sybase. </font></td>
921 
    <td><font size="2">Y/N</font></td>
922 
    <td><font size="2">Sybase client</font></td>
923 
    <td> <p><font size="2">Unix and Windows.</font></p></td>
924 
  </tr>
925 
 
926 
    <tr valign="top">
927 
    <td><b><font size="2">sybase_ase</font></b></td>
928 
    <td><font size="2">C</font></td>
929 
    <td><font size="2">Sybase ASE. </font></td>
930 
    <td><font size="2">Y/N</font></td>
931 
    <td><font size="2">Sybase client</font></td>
932 
    <td> <p><font size="2">Unix and Windows.</font></p></td>
933 
  </tr>
934 
  </tbody></table>
935 
 
936 
<p></p><p>The "Tested" column indicates how extensively the code has been tested
937 
  and used. <br>
938 
  A = well tested and used by many people<br>
939 
  B = tested and usable, but some features might not be implemented<br>
940 
  C = user contributed or experimental driver. Might not fully support all of
941 
  the latest features of ADOdb. </p>
942 
<p>The column "RecordCount() usable" indicates whether RecordCount()
943 
  return the number of rows, or returns -1 when a SELECT statement is executed.
944 
  If this column displays Y/N then the RecordCount() is emulated when the global
945 
  variable $ADODB_COUNTRECS=true (this is the default). Note that for large recordsets,
946 
  it might be better to disable RecordCount() emulation because substantial amounts
947 
  of memory are required to cache the recordset for counting. Also there is a
948 
  speed penalty of 40-50% if emulation is required. This is emulated in most databases
949 
  except for PostgreSQL and MySQL. This variable is checked every time a query
950 
  is executed, so you can selectively choose which recordsets to count.</p>
951 
<p>
952 
</p><hr />
953 
<h1>Tutorials<a name="quickstart"></a></h1>
954 
<h3>Example 1: Select Statement<a name="ex1"></a></h3>
955 
<p>Task: Connect to the Access Northwind DSN, display the first 2 columns of each
956 
  row.</p>
957 
<p>In this example, we create a ADOConnection object, which represents the connection
958 
  to the database. The connection is initiated with <a href="#pconnect"><font face="Courier New, Courier, mono">PConnect</font></a>,
959 
  which is a persistent connection. Whenever we want to query the database, we
960 
  call the <font face="Courier New, Courier, mono">ADOConnection.<a href="#execute">Execute</a>()</font>
961 
  function. This returns an ADORecordSet object which is actually a cursor that
962 
  holds the current row in the array <font face="Courier New, Courier, mono">fields[]</font>.
963 
  We use <font face="Courier New, Courier, mono"><a href="#movenext">MoveNext</a>()</font>
964 
  to move from row to row.</p>
965 
<p>NB: A useful function that is not used in this example is <font face="Courier New, Courier, mono"><a href="#selectlimit">SelectLimit</a></font>,
966 
  which allows us to limit the number of rows shown.
967 
</p><pre>&lt;?<br><font face="Courier New, Courier, mono"><b>include</b>('adodb.inc.php');	   # load code common to ADOdb<br>$<font color="#660000">conn</font> = &amp;ADONewConnection('access');	# create a connection<br>$<font color="#660000">conn</font>-&gt;PConnect('northwind');   # connect to MS-Access, northwind DSN<br>$<font color="#660000">recordSet</font> = &amp;$<font color="#660000">conn</font>-&gt;Execute('select * from products');<br>if (!$<font color="#660000">recordSet</font>) <br>	print $<font color="#660000">conn</font>-&gt;ErrorMsg();<br>else<br><b>while</b> (!$<font color="#660000">recordSet</font>-&gt;EOF) {<br>	<b>print</b> $<font color="#660000">recordSet</font>-&gt;fields[0].' '.$<font color="#660000">recordSet</font>-&gt;fields[1].'&lt;BR&gt;';<br>	$<font color="#660000">recordSet</font>-&gt;MoveNext();<br>}</font><font face="Courier New, Courier, mono">
968 
 
969 
$<font color="#660000">recordSet</font>-&gt;Close(); # optional<br>$<font color="#660000">conn</font>-&gt;Close(); # optional<br></font>
970 
?&gt;
971 
</pre>
972 
<p>The $<font face="Courier New, Courier, mono">recordSet</font> returned stores
973 
  the current row in the <font face="Courier New, Courier, mono">$recordSet-&gt;fields</font>
974 
  array, indexed by column number (starting from zero). We use the <font face="Courier New, Courier, mono"><a href="#movenext">MoveNext</a>()</font>
975 
  function to move to the next row. The <font face="Courier New, Courier, mono">EOF</font>
976 
  property is set to true when end-of-file is reached. If an error occurs in Execute(),
977 
  we return false instead of a recordset.</p>
978 
<p>The <code>$recordSet-&gt;fields[]</code> array is generated by the PHP database
979 
  extension. Some database extensions only index by number and do not index the
980 
  array by field name. To force indexing by name - that is associative arrays
981 
  - use the SetFetchMode function. Each recordset saves and uses whatever fetch
982 
  mode was set when the recordset was created in Execute() or SelectLimit().
983 
</p><pre>	$db-&gt;SetFetchMode(ADODB_FETCH_NUM);<br>	$rs1 = $db-&gt;Execute('select * from table');<br>	$db-&gt;SetFetchMode(ADODB_FETCH_ASSOC);<br>	$rs2 = $db-&gt;Execute('select * from table');<br>	print_r($rs1-&gt;fields); # shows <i>array([0]=&gt;'v0',[1] =&gt;'v1')</i>
984 
	print_r($rs2-&gt;fields); # shows <i>array(['col1']=&gt;'v0',['col2'] =&gt;'v1')</i>
985 
</pre>
986 
<p> </p>
987 
<p>To get the number of rows in the select statement, you can use <font face="Courier New, Courier, mono">$recordSet-&gt;<a href="#recordcount">RecordCount</a>()</font>.
988 
  Note that it can return -1 if the number of rows returned cannot be determined.</p>
989 
<h3>Example 2: Advanced Select with Field Objects<a name="ex2"></a></h3>
990 
<p>Select a table, display the first two columns. If the second column is a date
991 
  or timestamp, reformat the date to US format.</p>
992 
<pre>&lt;?<br><font face="Courier New, Courier, mono"><b>include</b>('adodb.inc.php');	   # load code common to ADOdb<br>$<font color="#660000">conn</font> = &amp;ADONewConnection('access');	# create a connection<br>$<font color="#660000">conn</font>-&gt;PConnect('northwind');   # connect to MS-Access, northwind dsn<br>$<font color="#660000">recordSet</font> = &amp;$<font color="#660000">conn</font>-&gt;Execute('select CustomerID,OrderDate from Orders');<br>if (!$<font color="#660000">recordSet</font>) <br>	print $<font color="#660000">conn</font>-&gt;ErrorMsg();<br>else<br><b>while</b> (!$<font color="#660000">recordSet</font>-&gt;EOF) {<br>	$<font color="#660000">fld</font> = <font color="#336600"><b>$</b><font color="#660000">recordSet</font><b>-&gt;FetchField</b></font><font color="#006600">(</font>1<font color="#006600">);</font>
993 
	$<font color="#660000">type</font> = <font color="#336600"><b>$</b><font color="#660000">recordSet</font><b>-&gt;MetaType</b></font>($fld-&gt;type);<br><br>	<b>if</b> ( $<font color="#660000">type</font> == 'D' || $<font color="#660000">type</font> == 'T') <br>		<b>print</b> $<font color="#660000">recordSet</font>-&gt;fields[0].' '.<br>			<b><font color="#336600">$</font></b><font color="#660000">recordSet</font><b><font color="#336600">-&gt;UserDate</font></b>($<font color="#660000">recordSet</font>-&gt;fields[1],'<b>m/d/Y</b>').'&lt;BR&gt;';<br>	<b>else </b>
994 
		<b>print</b> $<font color="#660000">recordSet</font>-&gt;fields[0].' '.$<font color="#660000">recordSet</font>-&gt;fields[1].'&lt;BR&gt;';<br><br>	$<font color="#660000">recordSet</font>-&gt;MoveNext();<br>}</font><font face="Courier New, Courier, mono">
995 
$<font color="#660000">recordSet</font>-&gt;Close(); # optional<br>$<font color="#660000">conn</font>-&gt;Close(); # optional<br></font>
996 
?&gt;
997 
</pre>
998 
<p>In this example, we check the field type of the second column using <font face="Courier New, Courier, mono"><a href="#fetchfield">FetchField</a>().</font>
999 
  This returns an object with at least 3 fields.</p>
1000 
<ul>
1001 
  <li><b>name</b>: name of column</li>
1002 
  <li> <b>type</b>: native field type of column</li>
1003 
  <li> <b>max_length</b>: maximum length of field. Some databases such as MySQL
1004 
    do not return the maximum length of the field correctly. In these cases max_length
1005 
    will be set to -1.</li>
1006 
</ul>
1007 
<p>We then use <font face="Courier New, Courier, mono"><a href="#metatype">MetaType</a>()</font>
1008 
  to translate the native type to a <i>generic</i> type. Currently the following
1009 
  <i>generic</i> types are defined:</p>
1010 
<ul>
1011 
  <li><b>C</b>: character fields that should be shown in a &lt;input type="text"&gt;
1012 
    tag.</li>
1013 
  <li><b>X</b>: TeXt, large text fields that should be shown in a &lt;textarea&gt;</li>
1014 
  <li><b>B</b>: Blobs, or Binary Large Objects. Typically images.
1015 
  </li><li><b>D</b>: Date field</li>
1016 
  <li><b>T</b>: Timestamp field</li>
1017 
  <li><b>L</b>: Logical field (boolean or bit-field)</li>
1018 
  <li><b>I</b>:&nbsp; Integer field</li>
1019 
  <li><b>N</b>: Numeric field. Includes autoincrement, numeric, floating point,
1020 
    real and integer. </li>
1021 
  <li><b>R</b>: Serial field. Includes serial, autoincrement integers. This works
1022 
    for selected databases. </li>
1023 
</ul>
1024 
<p>If the metatype is of type date or timestamp, then we print it using the user
1025 
  defined date format with <font face="Courier New, Courier, mono"><a href="#userdate">UserDate</a>(),</font>
1026 
  which converts the PHP SQL date string format to a user defined one. Another
1027 
  use for <font face="Courier New, Courier, mono"><a href="#metatype">MetaType</a>()</font>
1028 
  is data validation before doing an SQL insert or update.</p>
1029 
<h3>Example 3: Inserting<a name="ex3"></a></h3>
1030 
<p>Insert a row to the Orders table containing dates and strings that need to
1031 
  be quoted before they can be accepted by the database, eg: the single-quote
1032 
  in the word <i>John's</i>.</p>
1033 
<pre>&lt;?<br><b>include</b>('adodb.inc.php');	   # load code common to ADOdb<br>$<font color="#660000">conn</font> = &amp;ADONewConnection('access');	# create a connection<br><br>$<font color="#660000">conn</font>-&gt;PConnect('northwind');   # connect to MS-Access, northwind dsn<br>$<font color="#660000">shipto</font> = <font color="#006600"><b>$conn-&gt;qstr</b></font>("<i>John's Old Shoppe</i>");<br><br>$<font color="#660000">sql</font> = "insert into orders (customerID,EmployeeID,OrderDate,ShipName) ";<br>$<font color="#660000">sql</font> .= "values ('ANATR',2,".<b><font color="#006600">$conn-&gt;DBDate(</font>time()<font color="#006600">)</font></b><font color="#006600">.</font>",$<font color="#660000">shipto</font>)";<br><br><b>if</b> ($<font color="#660000">conn</font>-&gt;Execute($<font color="#660000">sql</font>) <font color="#336600"><b>=== false</b></font>) {<br>	<b>print</b> 'error inserting: '.<font color="#336600"><b>$conn-&gt;ErrorMsg()</b></font>.'&lt;BR&gt;';<br>}<br>?&gt;<br></pre>
1034 
<p>In this example, we see the advanced date and quote handling facilities of
1035 
  ADOdb. The unix timestamp (which is a long integer) is appropriately formated
1036 
  for Access with <font face="Courier New, Courier, mono"><a href="#dbdate">DBDate</a>()</font>,
1037 
  and the right escape character is used for quoting the <i>John's Old Shoppe</i>,
1038 
  which is<b> </b><i>John'<b>'</b>s Old Shoppe</i> and not PHP's default <i>John<b>'</b>s
1039 
  Old Shoppe</i> with <font face="Courier New, Courier, mono"><a href="#qstr">qstr</a>()</font>.
1040 
</p>
1041 
<p>Observe the error-handling of the Execute statement. False is returned by<font face="Courier New, Courier, mono">
1042 
  <a href="#execute">Execute</a>() </font>if an error occured. The error message
1043 
  for the last error that occurred is displayed in <font face="Courier New, Courier, mono"><a href="#errormsg">ErrorMsg</a>()</font>.
1044 
  Note: <i>php_track_errors</i> might have to be enabled for error messages to
1045 
  be saved.</p>
1046 
<h3> Example 4: Debugging<a name="ex4"></a></h3>
1047 
<pre>&lt;?<br><b>include</b>('adodb.inc.php');	   # load code common to ADOdb<br>$<font color="#663300">conn</font> = &amp;ADONewConnection('access');	# create a connection<br>$<font color="#663300">conn</font>-&gt;PConnect('northwind');   # connect to MS-Access, northwind dsn<br><font>$<font color="#663300">shipto</font> = <b>$conn-&gt;qstr</b>("John's Old Shoppe");<br>$<font color="#663300">sql</font> = "insert into orders (customerID,EmployeeID,OrderDate,ShipName) ";<br>$<font color="#663300">sql</font> .= "values ('ANATR',2,".$<font color="#663300">conn</font>-&gt;FormatDate(time()).",$shipto)";<br><b><font color="#336600">$<font color="#663300">conn</font>-&gt;debug = true;</font></b>
1048 
<b>if</b> ($<font color="#663300">conn</font>-&gt;Execute($sql) <b>=== false</b>) <b>print</b> 'error inserting';</font>
1049 
?&gt;
1050 
</pre>
1051 
<p>In the above example, we have turned on debugging by setting <b>debug = true</b>.
1052 
  This will display the SQL statement before execution, and also show any error
1053 
  messages. There is no need to call <font face="Courier New, Courier, mono"><a href="#errormsg">ErrorMsg</a>()</font>
1054 
  in this case. For displaying the recordset, see the <font face="Courier New, Courier, mono"><a href="#exrs2html">rs2html</a>()
1055 
  </font>example.</p>
1056 
<p>Also see the section on <a href="#errorhandling">Custom Error Handlers</a>.</p>
1057 
<h3>Example 5: MySQL and Menus<a name="ex5"></a></h3>
1058 
<p>Connect to MySQL database <i>agora</i>, and generate a &lt;select&gt; menu
1059 
  from an SQL statement where the &lt;option&gt; captions are in the 1st column,
1060 
  and the value to send back to the server is in the 2nd column.</p>
1061 
<pre>&lt;?<br><b>include</b>('adodb.inc.php'); # load code common to ADOdb<br>$<font color="#663300">conn</font> = &amp;ADONewConnection('mysql');  # create a connection<br>$<font color="#663300">conn</font>-&gt;PConnect('localhost','userid','','agora');# connect to MySQL, agora db<br><font>$<font color="#663300">sql</font> = 'select CustomerName, CustomerID from customers';<br>$<font color="#663300">rs</font> = $<font color="#663300">conn</font>-&gt;Execute($sql);<br><b>print</b> <b><font color="#336600">$<font color="#663300">rs</font>-&gt;GetMenu('GetCust','Mary Rosli');<br>?&gt;</font></b></font></pre>
1062 
<p>Here we define a menu named GetCust, with the menu option 'Mary Rosli' selected.
1063 
  See <a href="#getmenu"><font face="Courier New, Courier, mono">GetMenu</font></a><font face="Courier New, Courier, mono">()</font>.
1064 
  We also have functions that return the recordset as an array: <font face="Courier New, Courier, mono"><a href="#getarray">GetArray</a>()</font>,
1065 
  and as an associative array with the key being the first column: <a href="#getassoc1">GetAssoc</a>().</p>
1066 
<h3>Example 6: Connecting to 2 Databases At Once<a name="ex6"></a></h3>
1067 
<pre>&lt;?<br><b>include</b>('adodb.inc.php');	 # load code common to ADOdb<br>$<font color="#663300">conn1</font> = &amp;ADONewConnection('mysql');  # create a mysql connection<br>$<font color="#663300">conn2</font> = &amp;ADONewConnection('oracle');  # create a oracle connection<br><br>$conn1-&gt;PConnect($server, $userid, $password, $database);<br>$conn2-&gt;PConnect(false, $ora_userid, $ora_pwd, $oraname);<br><br>$conn1-&gt;Execute('insert ...');<br>$conn2-&gt;Execute('update ...');<br>?&gt;</pre>
1068 
<p>
1069 
</p><h3>Example 7: Generating Update and Insert SQL<a name="ex7"></a></h3>
1070 
<p>Since ADOdb 4.56, we support <a href="reference.functions.getupdatesql.html#autoexecute">AutoExecute()</a>,
1071 
which simplifies things by providing an advanced wrapper for GetInsertSQL() and GetUpdateSQL(). For example,
1072 
an INSERT can be carried out with:
1073 
 
1074 
<pre>
1075 
    $record["firstname"] = "Bob";
1076 
    $record["lastname"] = "Smith";
1077 
    $record["created"] = time();
1078 
    $insertSQL = $conn->AutoExecute($rs, $record, 'INSERT');
1079 
</pre>
1080 
 
1081 
and an UPDATE with:
1082 
<pre>
1083 
    $record["firstname"] = "Caroline";
1084 
    $record["lastname"] = "Smith"; # Update Caroline's lastname from Miranda to Smith
1085 
    $insertSQL = $conn->AutoExecute($rs, $record, 'UPDATE', 'id = 1');
1086 
</pre>
1087 
<p>
1088 
The rest of this section is out-of-date:
1089 
<p>ADOdb 1.31 and later supports two new recordset functions: GetUpdateSQL( ) and
1090 
GetInsertSQL( ). This allow you to perform a "SELECT * FROM table query WHERE...",
1091 
make a copy of the $rs-&gt;fields, modify the fields, and then generate the SQL to
1092 
update or insert into the table automatically.
1093 
<p> We show how the functions can be used when accessing a table with the following
1094 
  fields: (ID, FirstName, LastName, Created).
1095 
</p><p> Before these functions can be called, you need to initialize the recordset
1096 
  by performing a select on the table. Idea and code by Jonathan Younger jyounger#unilab.com.
1097 
 Since ADOdb 2.42, you can pass a  table name instead of a recordset into
1098 
GetInsertSQL (in $rs), and it will generate an insert statement for that table.
1099 
</p><p>
1100 
</p><pre>&lt;?<br>#==============================================<br># SAMPLE GetUpdateSQL() and GetInsertSQL() code<br>#==============================================<br>include('adodb.inc.php');<br>include('tohtml.inc.php');<br><br>#==========================<br># This code tests an insert<br><br>$sql = "SELECT * FROM ADOXYZ WHERE id = -1"; <br># Select an empty record from the database<br><br>$conn = &amp;ADONewConnection("mysql");  # create a connection<br>$conn-&gt;debug=1;<br>$conn-&gt;PConnect("localhost", "admin", "", "test"); # connect to MySQL, testdb<br>$rs = $conn-&gt;Execute($sql); # Execute the query and get the empty recordset<br><br>$record = array(); # Initialize an array to hold the record data to insert<br><br># Set the values for the fields in the record<br># Note that field names are case-insensitive<br>$record["firstname"] = "Bob";<br>$record["lastNamE"] = "Smith";<br>$record["creaTed"] = time();<br><br># Pass the empty recordset and the array containing the data to insert<br># into the GetInsertSQL function. The function will process the data and return<br># a fully formatted insert sql statement.<br>$insertSQL = $conn-&gt;GetInsertSQL($rs, $record);<br><br>$conn-&gt;Execute($insertSQL); # Insert the record into the database<br><br>#==========================<br># This code tests an update<br><br>$sql = "SELECT * FROM ADOXYZ WHERE id = 1"; <br># Select a record to update<br><br>$rs = $conn-&gt;Execute($sql); # Execute the query and get the existing record to update<br><br>$record = array(); # Initialize an array to hold the record data to update<br><br># Set the values for the fields in the record<br># Note that field names are case-insensitive<br>$record["firstname"] = "Caroline";<br>$record["LasTnAme"] = "Smith"; # Update Caroline's lastname from Miranda to Smith<br><br># Pass the single record recordset and the array containing the data to update<br># into the GetUpdateSQL function. The function will process the data and return<br># a fully formatted update sql statement with the correct WHERE clause.<br># If the data has not changed, no recordset is returned<br>$updateSQL = $conn-&gt;GetUpdateSQL($rs, $record);<br><br>$conn-&gt;Execute($updateSQL); # Update the record in the database<br>$conn-&gt;Close();<br>?&gt;<br></pre>
1101 
<a name="ADODB_FORCE_TYPE"></a>
1102 
<b>$ADODB_FORCE_TYPE</b><p>
1103 
The behaviour of AutoExecute(), GetUpdateSQL() and GetInsertSQL()
1104 
when converting empty or null PHP variables to SQL is controlled by the
1105 
 global $ADODB_FORCE_TYPE variable. Set it to one of the values below. Default
1106 
  is ADODB_FORCE_VALUE (3):
1107 
</p><pre>0 = ignore empty fields. All empty fields in array are ignored.<br>1 = force null. All empty, php null and string 'null' fields are changed to sql NULL values.<br>2 = force empty. All empty, php null and string 'null' fields are changed to sql empty '' or 0 values.<br>3 = force value. Value is left as it is. Php null and string 'null' are set to sql NULL values and <br>    empty fields '' are set to empty '' sql values.<br><br>define('ADODB_FORCE_IGNORE',0);<br>define('ADODB_FORCE_NULL',1);<br>define('ADODB_FORCE_EMPTY',2);<br>define('ADODB_FORCE_VALUE',3);<br></pre>
1108 
<p>
1109 
Thanks to Niko (nuko#mbnet.fi) for the $ADODB_FORCE_TYPE code.
1110 
</p><p>
1111 
Note: the constant ADODB_FORCE_NULLS is obsolete since 4.52 and is ignored. Set $ADODB_FORCE_TYPE = ADODB_FORCE_NULL
1112 
for equivalent behaviour.
1113 
<p>Since 4.62, the table name to be used can be overridden by setting $rs->tableName before AutoExecute(), GetInsertSQL() or GetUpdateSQL() is called.
1114 
</p><h3>Example 8: Implementing Scrolling with Next and Previous<a name="ex8"></a></h3>
1115 
<p> The following code creates a very simple recordset pager, where you can scroll
1116 
  from page to page of a recordset.</p>
1117 
<pre>include_once('../adodb.inc.php');<br>include_once('../adodb-pager.inc.php');<br>session_start();<br><br>$db = NewADOConnection('mysql');<br><br>$db-&gt;Connect('localhost','root','','xphplens');<br><br>$sql = "select * from adoxyz ";<br><br>$pager = new ADODB_Pager($db,$sql);<br>$pager-&gt;Render($rows_per_page=5);</pre>
1118 
<p>This will create a basic record pager that looks like this: <a name="scr"></a>
1119 
</p><p>
1120 
<table bgcolor="beige" border="1">
1121 
  <tbody><tr>
1122 
    <td> <a href="#scr"><code>|&lt;</code></a> &nbsp; <a href="#scr"><code>&lt;&lt;</code></a>
1123 
      &nbsp; <a href="#scr"><code>&gt;&gt;</code></a> &nbsp; <a href="#scr"><code>&gt;|</code></a>
1124 
      &nbsp; </td>
1125 
  </tr>
1126 
  <tr>
1127 
    <td><table bgcolor="white" border="1" cols="4" width="100%">
1128 
        <tbody><tr><th>ID</th>
1129 
        <th>First Name</th>
1130 
        <th>Last Name</th>
1131 
        <th>Date Created</th>
1132 
        </tr><tr>
1133 
          <td align="right">36&nbsp;</td>
1134 
          <td>Alan&nbsp;</td>
1135 
          <td>Turing&nbsp;</td>
1136 
          <td>Sat 06, Oct 2001&nbsp;</td>
1137 
        </tr>
1138 
        <tr>
1139 
          <td align="right">37&nbsp;</td>
1140 
          <td>Serena&nbsp;</td>
1141 
          <td>Williams&nbsp;</td>
1142 
          <td>Sat 06, Oct 2001&nbsp;</td>
1143 
        </tr>
1144 
        <tr>
1145 
          <td align="right">38&nbsp;</td>
1146 
          <td>Yat Sun&nbsp;</td>
1147 
          <td>Sun&nbsp;</td>
1148 
          <td>Sat 06, Oct 2001&nbsp;</td>
1149 
        </tr>
1150 
        <tr>
1151 
          <td align="right">39&nbsp;</td>
1152 
          <td>Wai Hun&nbsp;</td>
1153 
          <td>See&nbsp;</td>
1154 
          <td>Sat 06, Oct 2001&nbsp;</td>
1155 
        </tr>
1156 
        <tr>
1157 
          <td align="right">40&nbsp;</td>
1158 
          <td>Steven&nbsp;</td>
1159 
          <td>Oey&nbsp;</td>
1160 
          <td>Sat 06, Oct 2001&nbsp;</td>
1161 
        </tr>
1162 
      </tbody></table></td>
1163 
  </tr>
1164 
  <tr>
1165 
    <td><font size="-1">Page 8/10</font></td>
1166 
  </tr>
1167 
</tbody></table>
1168 
</p><p>The number of rows to display at one time is controled by the Render($rows)
1169 
  method. If you do not pass any value to Render(), ADODB_Pager will default to
1170 
  10 records per page.
1171 
</p><p>You can control the column titles by modifying your SQL (supported by most
1172 
  databases):
1173 
</p><pre>$sql = 'select id as "ID", firstname as "First Name", <br>		  lastname as "Last Name", created as "Date Created" <br>		from adoxyz';</pre>
1174 
<p>The above code can be found in the <i>adodb/tests/testpaging.php</i> example
1175 
  included with this release, and the class ADODB_Pager in <i>adodb/adodb-pager.inc.php</i>.
1176 
  The ADODB_Pager code can be adapted by a programmer so that the text links can
1177 
  be replaced by images, and the dull white background be replaced with more interesting
1178 
  colors.
1179 
</p><p>You can also allow display of html by setting $pager-&gt;htmlSpecialChars = false.
1180 
</p><p>Some of the code used here was contributed by Iv&aacute;n Oliva and Cornel
1181 
  G. </p>
1182 
<h3><a name="ex9"></a>Example 9: Exporting in CSV or Tab-Delimited Format</h3>
1183 
<p>We provide some helper functions to export in comma-separated-value (CSV) and
1184 
  tab-delimited formats:</p>
1185 
<pre><b>include_once('/path/to/adodb/toexport.inc.php');</b><br>include_once('/path/to/adodb/adodb.inc.php');<br>
1186 
$db = &amp;NewADOConnection('mysql');<br>$db-&gt;Connect($server, $userid, $password, $database);<br><br>$rs = $db-&gt;Execute('select fname as "First Name", surname as "Surname" from table');<br><br>print "&lt;pre&gt;";<br>print <b>rs2csv</b>($rs); # return a string, CSV format<p>print '&lt;hr&gt;';<br><br>$rs-&gt;MoveFirst(); # note, some databases do not support MoveFirst<br>print <b>rs2tab</b>($rs,<i>false</i>); # return a string, tab-delimited<br>						 # false == suppress field names in first line</p>print '&lt;hr&gt;';<br>$rs-&gt;MoveFirst();<br><b>rs2tabout</b>($rs); # send to stdout directly (there is also an rs2csvout function)<br>print "&lt;/pre&gt;";<br><br>$rs-&gt;MoveFirst();<br>$fp = fopen($path, "w");<br>if ($fp) {<br>  <b>rs2csvfile</b>($rs, $fp); # write to file (there is also an rs2tabfile function)<br>  fclose($fp);<br>}<br></pre>
1187 
<p> Carriage-returns or newlines are converted to spaces. Field names are returned
1188 
  in the first line of text. Strings containing the delimiter character are quoted
1189 
  with double-quotes. Double-quotes are double-quoted again. This conforms to
1190 
  Excel import and export guide-lines.
1191 
</p><p>All the above functions take as an optional last parameter, $addtitles which
1192 
  defaults to <i>true</i>. When set to <i>false</i> field names in the first line
1193 
  are suppressed. <br>
1194 
</p><h3>Example 10: Recordset Filters<a name="ex10"></a></h3>
1195 
<p>Sometimes we want to pre-process all rows in a recordset before we use it.
1196 
  For example, we want to ucwords all text in recordset.
1197 
</p><pre>include_once('adodb/rsfilter.inc.php');<br>include_once('adodb/adodb.inc.php');<br><br>// ucwords() every element in the recordset<br>function do_ucwords(&amp;$arr,$rs)<br>{<br>	foreach($arr as $k =&gt; $v) {<br>		$arr[$k] = ucwords($v);<br>	}<br>}<br><br>$db = NewADOConnection('mysql');<br>$db-&gt;PConnect('server','user','pwd','db');<br><br>$rs = $db-&gt;Execute('select ... from table');<br>$rs = <b>RSFilter</b>($rs,'do_ucwords');<br></pre>
1198 
<p>The <i>RSFilter</i> function takes 2 parameters, the recordset, and the name
1199 
  of the <i>filter</i> function. It returns the processed recordset scrolled to
1200 
  the first record. The <i>filter</i> function takes two parameters, the current
1201 
  row as an array, and the recordset object. For future compatibility, you should
1202 
  not use the original recordset object. </p>
1203 
<h3>Example 11:<a name="ex11"></a> Smart Transactions</h3>
1204 
The old way of doing transactions required you to use
1205 
<pre>$conn-&gt;<b>BeginTrans</b>();<br>$ok = $conn-&gt;Execute($sql);<br>if ($ok) $ok = $conn-&gt;Execute($sql2);<br>if (!$ok) $conn-&gt;<b>RollbackTrans</b>();<br>else $conn-&gt;<b>CommitTrans</b>();<br></pre>
1206 
This is very complicated for large projects because you have to track the error
1207 
status. Smart Transactions is much simpler. You start a smart transaction by calling
1208 
StartTrans():
1209 
<pre>$conn-&gt;<b>StartTrans</b>();<br>$conn-&gt;Execute($sql);<br>$conn-&gt;Execute($Sql2);<br>$conn-&gt;<b>CompleteTrans</b>();<br></pre>
1210 
CompleteTrans() detects when an SQL error occurs, and will Rollback/Commit as
1211 
appropriate. To specificly force a rollback even if no error occured, use FailTrans().
1212 
Note that the rollback is done in CompleteTrans(), and not in FailTrans().
1213 
<pre>$conn-&gt;<b>StartTrans</b>();<br>$conn-&gt;Execute($sql);<br>if (!CheckRecords()) $conn-&gt;<strong>FailTrans</strong>();<br>$conn-&gt;Execute($Sql2);<br>$conn-&gt;<b>CompleteTrans</b>();<br></pre>
1214 
<p>You can also check if a transaction has failed, using HasFailedTrans(), which
1215 
  returns true if FailTrans() was called, or there was an error in the SQL execution.
1216 
  Make sure you call HasFailedTrans() before you call CompleteTrans(), as it is
1217 
  only works between StartTrans/CompleteTrans.
1218 
</p><p>Lastly, StartTrans/CompleteTrans is nestable, and only the outermost block
1219 
  is executed. In contrast, BeginTrans/CommitTrans/RollbackTrans is NOT nestable.
1220 
</p><pre>$conn-&gt;<strong>StartTrans</strong>();<br>$conn-&gt;Execute($sql);<br>  $conn-&gt;<strong>StartTrans</strong>();    <font color="#006600"># ignored</font>
1221 
  if (!CheckRecords()) $conn-&gt;FailTrans();
1222 
  $conn-&gt;<strong>CompleteTrans</strong>(); <font color="#006600"># ignored</font>
1223 
$conn-&gt;Execute($Sql2);
1224 
$conn-&gt;<strong>CompleteTrans</strong>();<br></pre>
1225 
<p>Note: Savepoints are currently not supported.
1226 
</p><h2><a name="errorhandling"></a>Using Custom Error Handlers and PEAR_Error</h2>
1227 
<p>ADOdb supports PHP5 exceptions.  Just include <i>adodb-exceptions.inc.php</i> and you can now
1228 
catch exceptions on errors as they occur.
1229 
</p><pre>	<b>include("../adodb-exceptions.inc.php");</b> <br>	include("../adodb.inc.php");	 <br>	try { <br>		$db = NewADOConnection("oci8://scott:bad-password@mytns/"); <br>	} catch (exception $e) { <br>		var_dump($e); <br>		adodb_backtrace($e-&gt;gettrace());<br>	} <br></pre>
1230 
<p> ADOdb also provides two custom handlers which you can modify for your needs. The
1231 
  first one is in the <b>adodb-errorhandler.inc.php</b> file. This makes use of
1232 
  the standard PHP functions <a href="http://php.net/error_reporting">error_reporting</a>
1233 
  to control what error messages types to display, and <a href="http://php.net/trigger_error">trigger_error</a>
1234 
  which invokes the default PHP error handler.
1235 
</p><p> Including the above file will cause <i>trigger_error($errorstring,E_USER_ERROR)</i>
1236 
  to be called when<br>
1237 
  (a) Connect() or PConnect() fails, or <br>
1238 
  (b) a function that executes SQL statements such as Execute() or SelectLimit()
1239 
  has an error.<br>
1240 
  (c) GenID() appears to go into an infinite loop.
1241 
</p><p> The $errorstring is generated by ADOdb and will contain useful debugging information
1242 
  similar to the error.log data generated below. This file adodb-errorhandler.inc.php
1243 
  should be included before you create any ADOConnection objects.
1244 
</p><p> If you define error_reporting(0), no errors will be passed to the error handler.
1245 
  If you set error_reporting(E_ALL), all errors will be passed to the error handler.
1246 
  You still need to use <b>ini_set("display_errors", "0" or "1")</b> to control
1247 
  the display of errors.
1248 
</p><pre>&lt;?php<br><b>error_reporting(E_ALL); # pass any error messages triggered to error handler<br>include('adodb-errorhandler.inc.php');</b>
1249 
include('adodb.inc.php');
1250 
include('tohtml.inc.php');
1251 
$c = NewADOConnection('mysql');
1252 
$c-&gt;PConnect('localhost','root','','northwind');
1253 
$rs=$c-&gt;Execute('select * from productsz'); #invalid table productsz');
1254 
if ($rs) rs2html($rs);
1255 
?&gt;
1256 
</pre>
1257 
<p> If you want to log the error message, you can do so by defining the following
1258 
  optional constants ADODB_ERROR_LOG_TYPE and ADODB_ERROR_LOG_DEST. ADODB_ERROR_LOG_TYPE
1259 
  is the error log message type (see <a href="http://php.net/error_log">error_log</a>
1260 
  in the PHP manual). In this case we set it to 3, which means log to the file
1261 
  defined by the constant ADODB_ERROR_LOG_DEST.
1262 
</p><pre>&lt;?php<br><b>error_reporting(E_ALL); # report all errors<br>ini_set("display_errors", "0"); # but do not echo the errors<br>define('ADODB_ERROR_LOG_TYPE',3);<br>define('ADODB_ERROR_LOG_DEST','C:/errors.log');<br>include('adodb-errorhandler.inc.php');</b>
1263 
include('adodb.inc.php');
1264 
include('tohtml.inc.php');
1265 
 
1266 
$c = NewADOConnection('mysql');
1267 
$c-&gt;PConnect('localhost','root','','northwind');
1268 
$rs=$c-&gt;Execute('select * from productsz'); ## invalid table productsz
1269 
if ($rs) rs2html($rs);
1270 
?&gt;
1271 
</pre>
1272 
The following message will be logged in the error.log file:
1273 
<pre>(2001-10-28 14:20:38) mysql error: [1146: Table 'northwind.productsz' doesn't exist] in<br> EXECUTE("select * from productsz")<br></pre>
1274 
<h3>PEAR_ERROR</h3>
1275 
The second error handler is <b>adodb-errorpear.inc.php</b>. This will create a
1276 
PEAR_Error derived object whenever an error occurs. The last PEAR_Error object
1277 
created can be retrieved using ADODB_Pear_Error().
1278 
<pre>&lt;?php<br><b>include('adodb-errorpear.inc.php');</b>
1279 
include('adodb.inc.php');
1280 
include('tohtml.inc.php');
1281 
$c = NewADOConnection('mysql');
1282 
$c-&gt;PConnect('localhost','root','','northwind');
1283 
$rs=$c-&gt;Execute('select * from productsz'); #invalid table productsz');
1284 
if ($rs) rs2html($rs);
1285 
else {
1286 
	<b>$e = ADODB_Pear_Error();<br>	echo '&lt;p&gt;',$e-&gt;message,'&lt;/p&gt;';</b>
1287 
}
1288 
?&gt;
1289 
</pre>
1290 
<p> You can use a PEAR_Error derived class by defining the constant ADODB_PEAR_ERROR_CLASS
1291 
  before the adodb-errorpear.inc.php file is included. For easy debugging, you
1292 
  can set the default error handler in the beginning of the PHP script to PEAR_ERROR_DIE,
1293 
  which will cause an error message to be printed, then halt script execution:
1294 
</p><pre>include('PEAR.php');<br>PEAR::setErrorHandling('PEAR_ERROR_DIE');<br></pre>
1295 
<p> Note that we do not explicitly return a PEAR_Error object to you when an error
1296 
  occurs. We return false instead. You have to call ADODB_Pear_Error() to get
1297 
  the last error or use the PEAR_ERROR_DIE technique.
1298 
</p>
1299 
<h3>MetaError and MetaErrMsg</h3>
1300 
 <p>If you need error messages that work across multiple databases, then use <a href="#metaerror">MetaError()</a>, which returns a virtualized error number, based on PEAR DB's error number system, and <a href=<a href="#metaerrmsg">MetaErrMsg()</a>.
1301 
 
1302 
<h4>Error Messages</h4>
1303 
<p>Error messages are outputted using the static method ADOConnnection::outp($msg,$newline=true).
1304 
  By default, it sends the messages to the client. You can override this to perform
1305 
  error-logging.
1306 
</p><h2><a name="dsn"></a> Data Source Names</h2>
1307 
<p>We now support connecting using PEAR style DSN's. A DSN is a connection string
1308 
  of the form:</p>
1309 
<p>$dsn = <i>"$driver://$username:$password@$hostname/$databasename"</i>;</p>
1310 
<p>An example:</p>
1311 
<pre>   $username = 'root';<br>   $password = '';<br>   $hostname = 'localhost';<br>   $databasename = 'xphplens';<br>   $driver = 'mysql';<br>   $dsn = "$driver://$username:$password@$hostname/$databasename"<br>   $db = NewADOConnection(); <br>   # DB::Connect($dsn) also works if you include 'adodb/adodb-pear.inc.php' at the top<br>   $rs = $db-&gt;query('select firstname,lastname from adoxyz');<br>   $cnt = 0;<br>   while ($arr = $rs-&gt;fetchRow()) {<br>		print_r($arr); print "&lt;br&gt;";<br>   }</pre>
1312 
   <p></p>
1313 
<p>   <a href="#dsnsupport">More info and connection examples</a> on the DSN format.
1314 
 
1315 
</p><h2><a name="pear"></a>PEAR Compatibility</h2>
1316 
  We support DSN's (see above), and the following functions:
1317 
 <pre><b> DB_Common</b>
1318 
 	query - returns PEAR_Error on error
1319 
	limitQuery - return PEAR_Error on error
1320 
	prepare - does not return PEAR_Error on error
1321 
	execute - does not return PEAR_Error on error
1322 
	setFetchMode - supports ASSOC and ORDERED
1323 
	errorNative
1324 
	quote
1325 
	nextID
1326 
	disconnect
1327 
 
1328 
	getOne
1329 
	getAssoc
1330 
	getRow
1331 
	getCol
1332 
 
1333 
<b> DB_Result</b>
1334 
 	numRows - returns -1 if not supported
1335 
	numCols
1336 
	fetchInto - does not support passing of fetchmode
1337 
	fetchRows - does not support passing of fetchmode
1338 
	free
1339 
</pre>
1340 
<h2><a name="caching"></a>Caching of Recordsets</h2>
1341 
<p>ADOdb now supports caching of recordsets using the CacheExecute( ), CachePageExecute(
1342 
  ) and CacheSelectLimit( ) functions. There are similar to the non-cache functions,
1343 
  except that they take a new first parameter, $secs2cache.
1344 
</p><p> An example:
1345 
</p><pre><b>include</b>('adodb.inc.php'); # load code common to ADOdb<br>$ADODB_CACHE_DIR = '/usr/ADODB_cache';<br>$<font color="#663300">conn</font> = &amp;ADONewConnection('mysql');  # create a connection<br>$<font color="#663300">conn</font>-&gt;PConnect('localhost','userid','','agora');# connect to MySQL, agora db<br><font>$<font color="#663300">sql</font> = 'select CustomerName, CustomerID from customers';<br>$<font color="#663300">rs</font> = $<font color="#663300">conn</font>-&gt;CacheExecute(15,$sql);</font></pre>
1346 
<p><font> The first parameter is the number of seconds to cache
1347 
  the query. Subsequent calls to that query will used the cached version stored
1348 
  in $ADODB_CACHE_DIR. To force a query to execute and flush the cache, call CacheExecute()
1349 
  with the first parameter set to zero. Alternatively, use the CacheFlush($sql)
1350 
  call. </font></p>
1351 
<p><font>For the sake of security, we recommend you set <i>register_globals=off</i>
1352 
  in php.ini if you are using $ADODB_CACHE_DIR.</font></p>
1353 
<p>In ADOdb 1.80 onwards, the secs2cache parameter is optional in CacheSelectLimit()
1354 
  and CacheExecute(). If you leave it out, it will use the $connection-&gt;cacheSecs
1355 
  parameter, which defaults to 60 minutes.
1356 
</p><pre>	$conn-&gt;Connect(...);<br>	$conn-&gt;cacheSecs = 3600*24; # cache 24 hours<br>	$rs = $conn-&gt;CacheExecute('select * from table');<br></pre>
1357 
<p>Please note that magic_quotes_runtime should be turned off. <a href="http://phplens.com/lens/lensforum/msgs.php?LeNs#LensBM_forummsg">More
1358 
  info</a>, and do not change $ADODB_FETCH_MODE (or SetFetchMode)
1359 
  as the cached recordset will use the $ADODB_FETCH_MODE set when the query was executed. <font>
1360 
<h2><a name="pivot"></a>Pivot Tables</h2>
1361 
</font> </p><p><font>Since ADOdb 2.30, we support the generation of
1362 
SQL to create pivot tables, also known as cross-tabulations. For further explanation
1363 
read this DevShed <a href="http://www.devshed.com/Server_Side/MySQL/MySQLWiz/">Cross-Tabulation
1364 
tutorial</a>. We assume that your database supports the SQL case-when expression. </font></p>
1365 
<font>
1366 
<p>In this example, we will use the Northwind database from Microsoft. In the
1367 
  database, we have a products table, and we want to analyze this table by <i>suppliers
1368 
  versus product categories</i>. We will place the suppliers on each row, and
1369 
  pivot on categories. So from the table on the left, we generate the pivot-table
1370 
  on the right:</p>
1371 
</font>
1372 
<table align="center" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
1373 
  <tbody><tr>
1374 
	<td>
1375 
	  <table align="center" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" width="142">
1376 
		<tbody><tr>
1377 
		  <td><i>Supplier</i></td>
1378 
		  <td><i>Category</i></td>
1379 
		</tr>
1380 
		<tr>
1381 
		  <td>supplier1</td>
1382 
		  <td>category1</td>
1383 
		</tr>
1384 
		<tr>
1385 
		  <td>supplier2</td>
1386 
		  			<td>category1</td>
1387 
		</tr>
1388 
		<tr>
1389 
		  			<td>supplier2</td>
1390 
		  <td>category2</td>
1391 
		</tr>
1392 
	  </tbody></table>
1393 
	</td>
1394 
	<td> <font face="Courier New, Courier, mono">--&gt;</font></td>
1395 
	<td>
1396 
	  <table align="center" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
1397 
		<tbody><tr>
1398 
		  <td>&nbsp;</td>
1399 
		  <td><i>category1</i></td>
1400 
		  <td><i>category2</i></td>
1401 
		  <td><i>total</i></td>
1402 
		</tr>
1403 
		<tr>
1404 
		  <td><i>supplier1</i></td>
1405 
		  <td align="right">1</td>
1406 
		  <td align="right">0</td>
1407 
		  <td align="right">1</td>
1408 
		</tr>
1409 
		<tr>
1410 
		  <td><i>supplier2</i></td>
1411 
		  <td align="right">1</td>
1412 
		  <td align="right">1</td>
1413 
		  <td align="right">2</td>
1414 
		</tr>
1415 
	  </tbody></table>
1416 
	</td>
1417 
  </tr>
1418 
</tbody></table>
1419 
<font>
1420 
</font><p><font>The following code will generate the SQL for a cross-tabulation:
1421 
</font></p><pre><font># Query the main "product" table<br># Set the rows to SupplierName<br># and the columns to the values of Categories<br># and define the joins to link to lookup tables <br># "categories" and "suppliers"<br>#<br> include "adodb/pivottable.inc.php";<br> $sql = PivotTableSQL(<br> 	$gDB,                                      # adodb connection<br> 	'products p ,categories c ,suppliers s',   # tables<br>	'SupplierName',                             # rows (multiple fields allowed)<br>	'CategoryName',                            # column to pivot on <br>	'p.CategoryID = c.CategoryID and s.SupplierID= p.SupplierID' # joins/where<br>);<br></font></pre>
1422 
 
1423 
<p><font> This will generate the following SQL:</font></p>
1424 
<p><code><font size="2">SELECT SupplierName, <br>
1425 
  SUM(CASE WHEN CategoryName='Beverages' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS "Beverages",
1426 
  <br>
1427 
  SUM(CASE WHEN CategoryName='Condiments' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS "Condiments",
1428 
  <br>
1429 
  SUM(CASE WHEN CategoryName='Confections' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS "Confections",
1430 
  <br>
1431 
  SUM(CASE WHEN CategoryName='Dairy Products' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS "Dairy
1432 
  Products", <br>
1433 
  SUM(CASE WHEN CategoryName='Grains/Cereals' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS "Grains/Cereals",
1434 
  <br>
1435 
  SUM(CASE WHEN CategoryName='Meat/Poultry' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS "Meat/Poultry",
1436 
  <br>
1437 
  SUM(CASE WHEN CategoryName='Produce' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS "Produce",
1438 
  <br>
1439 
  SUM(CASE WHEN CategoryName='Seafood' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS "Seafood",
1440 
  <br>
1441 
  SUM(1) as Total <br>
1442 
  FROM products p ,categories c ,suppliers s WHERE p.CategoryID = c.CategoryID
1443 
  and s.SupplierID= p.SupplierID <br>
1444 
  GROUP BY SupplierName</font></code></p>
1445 
<p> You can also pivot on <i>numerical columns</i> and <i>generate totals</i>
1446 
	by using ranges. <font>This code was revised in ADODB 2.41
1447 
	and is not backward compatible.</font> The second example shows this:</p>
1448 
<pre> $sql = PivotTableSQL(<br> 	$gDB,                                       # adodb connection<br> 	'products p ,categories c ,suppliers s',    # tables<br>	'SupplierName',                              #<font> rows (multiple fields allowed)</font>
1449 
   array(                                       # column ranges
1450 
	' 0 '      =&gt; 'UnitsInStock &lt;= 0',
1451 
	"1 to 5"   =&gt; '0 &lt; UnitsInStock and UnitsInStock &lt;= 5',
1452 
	"6 to 10"  =&gt; '5 &lt; UnitsInStock and UnitsInStock &lt;= 10',
1453 
	"11 to 15" =&gt; '10 &lt; UnitsInStock and UnitsInStock &lt;= 15',
1454 
	"16+"      =&gt; '15 &lt; UnitsInStock'
1455 
	),
1456 
	' p.CategoryID = c.CategoryID and s.SupplierID= p.SupplierID', # joins/where
1457 
	'UnitsInStock',                             # sum this field
1458 
	'Sum '                                      # sum label prefix
1459 
);
1460 
</pre>
1461 
<p>Which generates: </p>
1462 
<p> <code> <font size="2">SELECT SupplierName, <br>
1463 
	SUM(CASE WHEN UnitsInStock &lt;= 0 THEN UnitsInStock ELSE 0 END) AS "Sum
1464 
 
1465 
	SUM(CASE WHEN 0 &lt; UnitsInStock and UnitsInStock &lt;= 5 THEN UnitsInStock
1466 
	ELSE 0 END) AS "Sum 1 to 5",<br>
1467 
	SUM(CASE WHEN 5 &lt; UnitsInStock and UnitsInStock &lt;= 10 THEN UnitsInStock
1468 
	ELSE 0 END) AS "Sum 6 to 10",<br>
1469 
	SUM(CASE WHEN 10 &lt; UnitsInStock and UnitsInStock &lt;= 15 THEN UnitsInStock
1470 
	ELSE 0 END) AS "Sum 11 to 15", <br>
1471 
	SUM(CASE WHEN 15 &lt; UnitsInStock THEN UnitsInStock ELSE 0 END) AS "Sum
1472 
	16+", <br>
1473 
	SUM(UnitsInStock) AS "Sum UnitsInStock", <br>
1474 
	SUM(1) as Total,<br>
1475 
	FROM products p ,categories c ,suppliers s WHERE p.CategoryID = c.CategoryID
1476 
	and s.SupplierID= p.SupplierID <br>
1477 
	GROUP BY SupplierName</font></code><font size="2"><br>
1478 
	</font> </p>
1479 
<font><hr />
1480 
<h1>Class Reference<a name="ref"></a></h1>
1481 
<p>Function parameters with [ ] around them are optional.</p>
1482 
</font>
1483 
<h2>Global Variables</h2>
1484 
<h3><font><a name="adodb_countrecs"></a></font>$ADODB_COUNTRECS</h3>
1485 
<p>If the database driver API does not support counting the number of records
1486 
	returned in a SELECT statement, the function RecordCount() is emulated when
1487 
	the global variable $ADODB_COUNTRECS is set to true, which is the default.
1488 
	We emulate this by buffering the records, which can take up large amounts
1489 
	of memory for big recordsets. Set this variable to false for the best performance.
1490 
	This variable is checked every time a query is executed, so you can selectively
1491 
	choose which recordsets to count.</p>
1492 
<h3><font><a name="adodb_cache_dir"></a>$ADODB_CACHE_DIR</font></h3>
1493 
<font>
1494 
<p>If you are using recordset caching, this is the directory to save your recordsets
1495 
  in. Define this before you call any caching functions such as CacheExecute(
1496 
  ). We recommend setting <i>register_globals=off</i> in php.ini if you use this
1497 
  feature for security reasons.</p>
1498 
<p>If you are using Unix and apache, you might need to set your cache directory
1499 
  permissions to something similar to the following:</p>
1500 
</font>
1501 
<p>chown -R apache /path/to/adodb/cache<br>
1502 
  chgrp -R apache /path/to/adodb/cache </p>
1503 
<h3><font><a name="adodb_ansi_padding_off"></a>$ADODB_ANSI_PADDING_OFF</font></h3>
1504 
<p><font>Determines whether to right trim CHAR fields (and also VARCHAR for ibase/firebird).
1505 
Set to true to trim. Default is false. Currently works for oci8po, ibase and firebird
1506 
drivers. Added in ADOdb 4.01.
1507 
</font></p><h3><font><a name="adodb_lang"></a>$ADODB_LANG</font></h3>
1508 
<p><font>Determines the language used in MetaErrorMsg(). The default is 'en', for English.
1509 
To find out what languages are supported, see the files
1510 
in adodb/lang/adodb-$lang.inc.php, where $lang is the supported langauge.
1511 
</font></p><h3><font><a name="adodb_fetch_mode"></a>$ADODB_FETCH_MODE</font></h3>
1512 
<p><font>This is a global variable that determines how arrays are retrieved by recordsets.
1513 
  The recordset saves this value on creation (eg. in Execute( ) or SelectLimit(
1514 
  )), and any subsequent changes to $ADODB_FETCH_MODE have no affect on existing
1515 
  recordsets, only on recordsets created in the future.</font></p>
1516 
<p><font>The following constants are defined:</font></p>
1517 
 
1518 
<p><font>define('ADODB_FETCH_DEFAULT',0);<br>
1519 
  define('ADODB_FETCH_NUM',1);<br>
1520 
  define('ADODB_FETCH_ASSOC',2);<br>
1521 
  define('ADODB_FETCH_BOTH',3); </font></p>
1522 
<font>
1523 
</font><p><font> An example:
1524 
</font></p><pre><font>	$ADODB_<b>FETCH_MODE</b> = ADODB_FETCH_NUM;<br>	$rs1 = $db-&gt;Execute('select * from table');<br>	$ADODB_<b>FETCH_MODE</b> = ADODB_FETCH_ASSOC;<br>	$rs2 = $db-&gt;Execute('select * from table');<br>	print_r($rs1-&gt;fields); # shows <i>array([0]=&gt;'v0',[1] =&gt;'v1')</i>
1525 
	print_r($rs2-&gt;fields); # shows <i>array(['col1']=&gt;'v0',['col2'] =&gt;'v1')</i>
1526 
</font></pre>
1527 
<p><font> As you can see in the above example, both recordsets store and use different
1528 
	fetch modes based on the $ADODB_FETCH_MODE setting when the recordset was
1529 
	created by Execute().</font></p>
1530 
<p><font>If no fetch mode is predefined, the fetch mode defaults to ADODB_FETCH_DEFAULT.
1531 
	The behaviour of this default mode varies from driver to driver, so do not
1532 
	rely on ADODB_FETCH_DEFAULT. For portability, we recommend sticking to ADODB_FETCH_NUM
1533 
	or ADODB_FETCH_ASSOC. Many drivers do not support ADODB_FETCH_BOTH.</font></p>
1534 
<p><font><strong>SetFetchMode Function</strong></font></p>
1535 
<p><font>If you have multiple connection objects, and want to have different fetch modes for each
1536 
connection, then use <a href="#setfetchmode">SetFetchMode</a>.
1537 
	Once this function is called for a connection object, that connection object
1538 
	will ignore the global variable $ADODB_FETCH_MODE and will use the internal
1539 
	fetchMode property exclusively.</font></p>
1540 
<pre><font>	$db-&gt;SetFetchMode(ADODB_FETCH_NUM);<br>	$rs1 = $db-&gt;Execute('select * from table');<br>	$db-&gt;SetFetchMode(ADODB_FETCH_ASSOC);<br>	$rs2 = $db-&gt;Execute('select * from table');<br>	print_r($rs1-&gt;fields); # shows <i>array([0]=&gt;'v0',[1] =&gt;'v1')</i>
1541 
	print_r($rs2-&gt;fields); # shows <i>array(['col1']=&gt;'v0',['col2'] =&gt;'v1')</i></font></pre>
1542 
<p><font>To retrieve the previous fetch mode, you can use check the $db-&gt;fetchMode
1543 
	property, or use the return value of SetFetchMode( ).
1544 
</font></p><p><font><strong><a name="adodb_assoc_case"></a>ADODB_ASSOC_CASE</strong></font></p>
1545 
<p><font>You can control the associative fetch case for certain drivers which behave
1546 
	differently. For the sybase, oci8po, mssql, odbc and ibase drivers and all
1547 
	drivers derived from them, ADODB_ASSOC_CASE will by default generate recordsets
1548 
	where the field name keys are lower-cased. Use the constant ADODB_ASSOC_CASE
1549 
	to change the case of the keys. There are 3 possible values:</font></p>
1550 
<p><font>0 = assoc lowercase field names. $rs-&gt;fields['orderid']<br>
1551 
	1 = assoc uppercase field names. $rs-&gt;fields['ORDERID']<br>
1552 
	2 = use native-case field names. $rs-&gt;fields['OrderID'] -- this is the
1553 
	default since ADOdb 2.90</font></p>
1554 
<p><font>To use it, declare it before you incldue adodb.inc.php.</font></p>
1555 
<p><font>define('ADODB_ASSOC_CASE', 2); # use native-case for ADODB_FETCH_ASSOC<br>
1556 
	include('adodb.inc.php'); </font></p>
1557 
<h3><font><a name="force_type"></a>$ADODB_FORCE_TYPE</font></h3>
1558 
<p><font>See the <a href="#ADODB_FORCE_TYPE">GetUpdateSQL tutorial</a>.
1559 
</font></p><hr />
1560 
<h2><font>ADOConnection<a name="adoconnection"></a></font></h2>
1561 
<p><font>Object that performs the connection to the database, executes SQL statements
1562 
	and has a set of utility functions for standardising the format of SQL statements
1563 
	for issues such as concatenation and date formats.</font></p>
1564 
<h3><font>ADOConnection Fields</font></h3>
1565 
<p><font><b>databaseType</b>: Name of the database system we are connecting to. Eg.
1566 
	<b>odbc</b> or <b>mssql</b> or <b>mysql</b>.</font></p>
1567 
<p><font><b>dataProvider</b>: The underlying mechanism used to connect to the database.
1568 
	Normally set to <b>native</b>, unless using <b>odbc</b> or <b>ado</b>.</font></p>
1569 
<p><font><b>host: </b>Name of server or data source name (DSN) to connect to.</font></p>
1570 
<p><font><b>database</b>: Name of the database or to connect to. If ado is used, it
1571 
	will hold the ado data provider.</font></p>
1572 
<p><font><b>user</b>: Login id to connect to database. Password is not saved for security
1573 
	reasons.</font></p>
1574 
<p><font><b>raiseErrorFn</b>: Allows you to define an error handling function. See adodb-errorhandler.inc.php
1575 
	for an example.</font></p>
1576 
<p><font><b>debug</b>: Set to <i>true</i> to make debug statements to appear.</font></p>
1577 
<p><font><b>concat_operator</b>: Set to '+' or '||' normally. The operator used to concatenate
1578 
	strings in SQL. Used by the <b><a href="#concat">Concat</a></b> function.</font></p>
1579 
<p><font><b>fmtDate</b>: The format used by the <b><a href="#dbdate">DBDate</a></b>
1580 
	function to send dates to the database. is '#Y-m-d#' for Microsoft Access,
1581 
	and ''Y-m-d'' for MySQL.</font></p>
1582 
<p><font><b>fmtTimeStamp: </b>The format used by the <b><a href="#dbtimestamp">DBTimeStamp</a></b>
1583 
	function to send timestamps to the database. </font></p>
1584 
<p><font><b>true</b>: The value used to represent true.Eg. '.T.'. for Foxpro, '1' for
1585 
	Microsoft SQL.</font></p>
1586 
<p><font><b>false: </b> The value used to represent false. Eg. '.F.'. for Foxpro, '0'
1587 
	for Microsoft SQL.</font></p>
1588 
<p><font><b>replaceQuote</b>: The string used to escape quotes. Eg. double single-quotes
1589 
	for Microsoft SQL, and backslash-quote for MySQL. Used by <a href="#qstr">qstr</a>.</font></p>
1590 
<p><font><b>autoCommit</b>: indicates whether automatic commit is enabled. Default is
1591 
	true.</font></p>
1592 
<p><font><b>charSet</b>: set the default charset to use. Currently only interbase/firebird supports
1593 
	this.</font></p>
1594 
<p><font><b>dialect</b>: set the default sql dialect to use. Currently only interbase/firebird
1595 
	supports this.</font></p>
1596 
	<p><font><b>role</b>: set the role. Currently only interbase/firebird
1597 
	supports this.</font></p>
1598 
<p><font><b>metaTablesSQL</b>: SQL statement to return a list of available tables. Eg.
1599 
	<i>SHOW TABLES</i> in MySQL.</font></p>
1600 
<p><font><b>genID</b>: The latest id generated by GenID() if supported by the database.</font></p>
1601 
<p><font><b>cacheSecs</b>: The number of seconds to cache recordsets if CacheExecute()
1602 
	or CacheSelectLimit() omit the $secs2cache parameter. Defaults to 60 minutes.</font></p>
1603 
<p><font><b>sysDate</b>: String that holds the name of the database function to call
1604 
	to get the current date. Useful for inserts and updates.</font></p>
1605 
<p><font><b>sysTimeStamp</b>: String that holds the name of the database function to
1606 
	call to get the current timestamp/datetime value.</font></p>
1607 
<p><font><b>leftOuter</b>: String that holds operator for left outer join, if known.
1608 
	Otherwise set to false.</font></p>
1609 
<p><font><b>rightOuter</b>: String that holds operator for left outer join, if known.
1610 
	Otherwise set to false.</font></p>
1611 
<p><font><b>ansiOuter</b>: Boolean that if true indicates that ANSI style outer joins
1612 
	are permitted. Eg. <i>select * from table1 left join table2 on p1=p2.</i></font></p>
1613 
<p><font><b>connectSID</b>: Boolean that indicates whether to treat the $database parameter
1614 
	in connects as the SID for the oci8 driver. Defaults to false. Useful for
1615 
	Oracle 8.0.5 and earlier.</font></p>
1616 
<p><font><b>autoRollback</b>: Persistent connections are auto-rollbacked in PConnect(
1617 
	) if this is set to true. Default is false.</font></p>
1618 
<hr />
1619 
<h3><font>ADOConnection Main Functions</font></h3>
1620 
<p><font><b>ADOConnection( )</b></font></p>
1621 
<p><font>Constructor function. Do not call this directly. Use ADONewConnection( ) instead.</font></p>
1622 
<p><font><b>Connect<a name="connect"></a>($host,[$user],[$password],[$database])</b></font></p>
1623 
<p><font>Non-persistent connect to data source or server $<b>host</b>, using userid
1624 
	$<b>user </b>and password $<b>password</b>. If the server supports multiple
1625 
	databases, connect to database $<b>database</b>. </font></p>
1626 
<p><font>Returns true/false depending on connection success. Since 4.23, null is returned if the extension is not loaded.</font></p>
1627 
<p><font>ADO Note: If you are using a Microsoft ADO and not OLEDB, you can set the $database
1628 
	parameter to the OLEDB data provider you are using.</font></p>
1629 
<p><font>PostgreSQL: An alternative way of connecting to the database is to pass the
1630 
	standard PostgreSQL connection string in the first parameter $host, and the
1631 
	other parameters will be ignored.</font></p>
1632 
<p><font>For Oracle and Oci8, there are two ways to connect. First is to use the TNS
1633 
	name defined in your local tnsnames.ora (or ONAMES or HOSTNAMES). Place the
1634 
	name in the $database field, and set the $host field to false. Alternatively,
1635 
	set $host to the server, and $database to the database SID, this bypassed
1636 
	tnsnames.ora.
1637 
</font></p><p><font>Examples:
1638 
</font></p><pre><font> # $oraname in tnsnames.ora/ONAMES/HOSTNAMES<br> $conn-&gt;Connect(false, 'scott', 'tiger', $oraname); <br> $conn-&gt;Connect('server:1521', 'scott', 'tiger', 'ServiceName'); # bypass tnsnames.ora</font></pre>
1639 
<p><font>There are many examples of connecting to a database.
1640 
See  <a href="#connect_ex">Connection Examples</a> for many examples.
1641 
 
1642 
</font></p><p><font><b>PConnect<a name="pconnect"></a>($host,[$user],[$password],[$database])</b></font></p>
1643 
<p><font>Persistent connect to data source or server $<b>host</b>, using userid $<b>user</b>
1644 
	and password $<b>password</b>. If the server supports multiple databases,
1645 
	connect to database $<b>database</b>.</font></p>
1646 
<p><font>We now perform a rollback on persistent connection for selected databases since
1647 
	2.21, as advised in the PHP manual. See change log or source code for which
1648 
	databases are affected.
1649 
</font></p><p><font>Returns true/false depending on connection. Since 4.23, null is returned if the extension is not loaded.
1650 
See Connect( ) above for more info.</font></p>
1651 
<p><font>Since ADOdb 2.21, we also support autoRollback. If you set:</font></p>
1652 
 
1653 
<pre> $conn = &amp;NewADOConnection('mysql');<br> $conn-&gt;autoRollback = true; # default is false<br> $conn-&gt;PConnect(...); # rollback here</pre>
1654 
<p> Then when doing a persistent connection with PConnect( ), ADOdb will
1655 
  perform a rollback first. This is because it is documented that PHP is
1656 
  not guaranteed to rollback existing failed transactions when
1657 
  persistent connections are used. This is implemented in Oracle,
1658 
  MySQL, PgSQL, MSSQL, ODBC currently.
1659 
</p><p>Since ADOdb 3.11, you can force non-persistent
1660 
connections even if PConnect is called by defining the constant
1661 
ADODB_NEVER_PERSIST  before you call PConnect.
1662 
</p><p>
1663 
Since 4.23, null is returned if the extension is not loaded.
1664 
</p><p><b>NConnect<a name="nconnect"></a>($host,[$user],[$password],[$database])</b></p>
1665 
<p>Always force a new connection. In contrast, PHP sometimes reuses connections
1666 
	when you use Connect() or PConnect(). Currently works only on mysql (PHP 4.3.0
1667 
	or later), postgresql and oci8-derived drivers. For other drivers, NConnect() works like
1668 
	Connect().</p>
1669 
<p><font><b>IsConnected( )<a name="isconnected"></a></b></font></p>
1670 
<p>
1671 
<font>Returns true if connected to database. Added in 4.53.
1672 
 
1673 
</font></p><p><font><b>Execute<a name="execute"></a>($sql,$inputarr=false)</b></font></p>
1674 
<p><font>Execute SQL statement $<b>sql</b> and return derived class of ADORecordSet
1675 
	if successful. Note that a record set is always returned on success, even
1676 
	if we are executing an insert or update statement. You can also pass in $sql a statement prepared
1677 
	in <a href="#prepare">Prepare()</a>.</font></p>
1678 
<p><font>Returns derived class of ADORecordSet. Eg. if connecting via mysql, then ADORecordSet_mysql
1679 
	would be returned. False is returned if there was an error in executing the
1680 
	sql.</font></p>
1681 
<p><font>The $inputarr parameter can be used for binding variables to parameters. Below
1682 
	is an Oracle example:</font></p>
1683 
<pre><font> $conn-&gt;Execute("SELECT * FROM TABLE WHERE COND=:val", array('val'=&gt; $val));<br> </font></pre>
1684 
<p><font>Another example, using ODBC,which uses the ? convention:</font></p>
1685 
<pre><font>  $conn-&gt;Execute("SELECT * FROM TABLE WHERE COND=?", array($val));<br></font></pre>
1686 
<font><a name="binding"></a>
1687 
<i>Binding variables</i></font><p>
1688 
<font>Variable binding speeds the compilation and caching of SQL statements, leading
1689 
to higher performance. Currently Oracle, Interbase and ODBC supports variable binding.
1690 
Interbase/ODBC style ? binding is emulated in databases that do not support binding.
1691 
Note that you do not have to quote strings if you use binding.
1692 
</font></p><p><font> Variable binding in the odbc, interbase and oci8po drivers.
1693 
</font></p><pre><font>$rs = $db-&gt;Execute('select * from table where val=?', array('10'));<br></font></pre>
1694 
<font>Variable binding in the oci8 driver:
1695 
</font><pre><font>$rs = $db-&gt;Execute('select name from table where val=:key', <br>  array('key' =&gt; 10));<br></font></pre>
1696 
<font><a name="bulkbind"></a>
1697 
<i>Bulk binding</i>
1698 
</font><p><font>Since ADOdb 3.80, we support bulk binding in Execute(), in which you pass in a 2-dimensional array to
1699 
be bound to an INSERT/UPDATE or DELETE statement.
1700 
</font></p><pre><font>$arr = array(<br>	array('Ahmad',32),<br>	array('Zulkifli', 24),<br>	array('Rosnah', 21)<br>	);<br>$ok = $db-&gt;Execute('insert into table (name,age) values (?,?)',$arr);<br></font></pre>
1701 
<p><font>This provides very high performance as the SQL statement is prepared first.
1702 
The prepared statement is executed repeatedly for each array row until all rows are completed,
1703 
or until the first error. Very useful for importing data.
1704 
 
1705 
</font></p><p><font><b>CacheExecute<a name="cacheexecute"></a>([$secs2cache,]$sql,$inputarr=false)</b></font></p>
1706 
<p><font>Similar to Execute, except that the recordset is cached for $secs2cache seconds
1707 
	in the $ADODB_CACHE_DIR directory, and $inputarr only accepts 1-dimensional arrays.
1708 
	If CacheExecute() is called again with the same $sql, $inputarr,
1709 
	and also the same database, same userid, and the cached recordset
1710 
	has not expired, the cached recordset is returned.
1711 
</font></p><pre><font>  include('adodb.inc.php'); <br>  include('tohtml.inc.php');<br>  $ADODB_<b>CACHE_DIR</b> = '/usr/local/ADOdbcache';<br>  $conn = &amp;ADONewConnection('mysql'); <br>  $conn-&gt;PConnect('localhost','userid','password','database');<br>  $rs = $conn-&gt;<b>CacheExecute</b>(15, 'select * from table'); # cache 15 secs<br>  rs2html($rs); /* recordset to html table */  <br></font></pre>
1712 
<p><font> Alternatively, since ADOdb 1.80, the $secs2cache parameter is optional:</font></p>
1713 
<pre><font>	$conn-&gt;Connect(...);<br>   	$conn-&gt;cacheSecs = 3600*24; // cache 24 hours<br>	$rs = $conn-&gt;CacheExecute('select * from table');<br></font></pre>
1714 
<font>If $secs2cache is omitted, we use the value
1715 
in $connection-&gt;cacheSecs (default is 3600 seconds, or 1 hour). Use CacheExecute()
1716 
only with SELECT statements.
1717 
</font><p><font>Performance note: I have done some benchmarks and found that they vary so greatly
1718 
	that it's better to talk about when caching is of benefit. When your database
1719 
	server is <i>much slower </i>than your Web server or the database is <i>very
1720 
	overloaded </i>then ADOdb's caching is good because it reduces the load on
1721 
	your database server. If your database server is lightly loaded or much faster
1722 
	than your Web server, then caching could actually reduce performance. </font></p>
1723 
<p><font><b>ExecuteCursor<a name="executecursor"></a>($sql,$cursorName='rs',$parameters=false)</b></font></p>
1724 
<p><font>Execute an Oracle stored procedure, and returns an Oracle REF cursor variable as
1725 
	a regular ADOdb recordset. Does not work with any other database except oci8.
1726 
	Thanks to Robert Tuttle for the design.
1727 
</font></p><pre><font>    $db = ADONewConnection("oci8"); <br>    $db-&gt;Connect("foo.com:1521", "uid", "pwd", "FOO"); <br>    $rs = $db-&gt;ExecuteCursor("begin :cursorvar := getdata(:param1); end;", <br>					'cursorvar',<br>					array('param1'=&gt;10)); <br>    # $rs is now just like any other ADOdb recordset object<br>    rs2html($rs);</font></pre>
1728 
<p><font>ExecuteCursor() is a helper function that does the following internally:
1729 
</font></p><pre><font>	$stmt = $db-&gt;Prepare("begin :cursorvar := getdata(:param1); end;", true); <br>	$db-&gt;Parameter($stmt, $cur, 'cursorvar', false, -1, OCI_B_CURSOR);<br>	$rs = $db-&gt;Execute($stmt,$bindarr);<br></font></pre>
1730 
<p><font>ExecuteCursor only accepts 1 out parameter. So if you have 2 out parameters, use:
1731 
</font></p><pre><font>	$vv = 'A%';<br>	$stmt = $db-&gt;PrepareSP("BEGIN list_tabs(:crsr,:tt); END;");<br>	$db-&gt;OutParameter($stmt, $cur, 'crsr', -1, OCI_B_CURSOR);<br>	$db-&gt;OutParameter($stmt, $vv, 'tt', 32); # return varchar(32)<br>	$arr = $db-&gt;GetArray($stmt);<br>	print_r($arr);<br>	echo " val = $vv"; ## outputs 'TEST'<br></font></pre>
1732 
<font>for the following PL/SQL:
1733 
</font><pre><font>	TYPE TabType IS REF CURSOR RETURN TAB%ROWTYPE;<br><br>	PROCEDURE list_tabs(tabcursor IN OUT TabType,tablenames IN OUT VARCHAR) IS<br>	BEGIN<br>		OPEN tabcursor FOR SELECT * FROM TAB WHERE tname LIKE tablenames;<br>		tablenames := 'TEST';<br>	END list_tabs;<br></font></pre>
1734 
<p><font><b>SelectLimit<a name="selectlimit"></a>($sql,$numrows=-1,$offset=-1,$inputarr=false)</b></font></p>
1735 
<p><font>Returns a recordset if successful. Returns false otherwise. Performs a select
1736 
	statement, simulating PostgreSQL's SELECT statement, LIMIT $numrows OFFSET
1737 
	$offset clause.</font></p>
1738 
<p><font>In PostgreSQL, SELECT * FROM TABLE LIMIT 3 will return the first 3 records
1739 
	only. The equivalent is <code>$connection-&gt;SelectLimit('SELECT * FROM TABLE',3)</code>.
1740 
	This functionality is simulated for databases that do not possess this feature.</font></p>
1741 
<p><font>And SELECT * FROM TABLE LIMIT 3 OFFSET 2 will return records 3, 4 and 5 (eg.
1742 
	after record 2, return 3 rows). The equivalent in ADOdb is <code>$connection-&gt;SelectLimit('SELECT
1743 
	* FROM TABLE',3,2)</code>.</font></p>
1744 
<p><font>Note that this is the <i>opposite</i> of MySQL's LIMIT clause. You can also
1745 
	set <code>$connection-&gt;SelectLimit('SELECT * FROM TABLE',-1,10)</code> to
1746 
	get rows 11 to the last row.</font></p>
1747 
<p><font>The last parameter $inputarr is for databases that support variable binding
1748 
	such as Oracle oci8. This substantially reduces SQL compilation overhead.
1749 
	Below is an Oracle example:</font></p>
1750 
<pre><font> $conn-&gt;SelectLimit("SELECT * FROM TABLE WHERE COND=:val", 100,-1,array('val'=&gt; $val));<br> </font></pre>
1751 
<p><font>The oci8po driver (oracle portable driver) uses the more standard bind variable
1752 
	of ?:
1753 
</font></p><pre><font> $conn-&gt;SelectLimit("SELECT * FROM TABLE WHERE COND=?", 100,-1,array('val'=&gt; $val));<br></font></pre>
1754 
<p><font>
1755 
</font></p><p><font>Ron Wilson reports that SelectLimit does not work with UNIONs.
1756 
</font></p><p><font><b>CacheSelectLimit<a name="cacheselectlimit"></a>([$secs2cache,] $sql, $numrows=-1,$offset=-1,$inputarr=false)</b></font></p>
1757 
<p><font>Similar to SelectLimit, except that the recordset returned is cached for $secs2cache
1758 
	seconds in the $ADODB_CACHE_DIR directory. </font></p>
1759 
<p><font>Since 1.80, $secs2cache has been optional, and you can define the caching time
1760 
	in $connection-&gt;cacheSecs.</font></p>
1761 
 
1762 
<pre><font>	$conn-&gt;Connect(...);<br>   $conn-&gt;cacheSecs = 3600*24; // cache 24 hours<br>	$rs = $conn-&gt;CacheSelectLimit('select * from table',10);</font></pre>
1763 
<font>
1764 
</font><p><font><b>CacheFlush<a name="cacheflush"></a>($sql=false,$inputarr=false)</b></font></p>
1765 
<p><font>Flush (delete) any cached recordsets for the SQL statement $sql in $ADODB_CACHE_DIR.
1766 
</font></p><p><font>If no parameter is passed in, then all adodb_*.cache files are deleted.
1767 
</font></p><p><font> If you want to flush all cached recordsets manually, execute the following
1768 
	PHP code (works only under Unix): <br>
1769 
	<code> &nbsp; system("rm -f `find ".$ADODB_CACHE_DIR." -name
1770 
	adodb_*.cache`");</code></font></p>
1771 
<p><font>For general cleanup of all expired files, you should use <a href="http://www.superscripts.com/tutorial/crontab.html">crontab</a>
1772 
	on Unix, or at.exe on Windows, and a shell script similar to the following:<font face="Courier New, Courier, mono"><br>
1773 
	#------------------------------------------------------ <br>
1774 
	# This particular example deletes files in the TMPPATH <br>
1775 
	# directory with the string ".cache" in their name that <br>
1776 
	# are more than 7 days old. <br>
1777 
	#------------------------------------------------------ <br>
1778 
	AGED=7 <br>
1779 
	find ${TMPPATH} -mtime +$AGED | grep "\.cache" | xargs rm -f <br>
1780 
	</font> </font></p>
1781 
<p><font><b>MetaError<a name="metaerror"></a>($errno=false)</b></font></p>
1782 
<p><font>Returns a virtualized error number, based on PEAR DB's error number system. You might
1783 
need to include adodb-error.inc.php before you call this function. The parameter $errno
1784 
is the native error number you want to convert. If you do not pass any parameter, MetaError
1785 
will call ErrorNo() for you and convert it. If the error number cannot be virtualized, MetaError
1786 
will return -1 (DB_ERROR).</font></p>
1787 
 
1788 
<p><font><b>MetaErrorMsg<a name="metaerrormsg"></a>($errno)</b></font></p>
1789 
<p><font>Pass the error number returned by MetaError() for the equivalent textual error message.</font></p>
1790 
<p><font><b>ErrorMsg<a name="errormsg"></a>()</b></font></p>
1791 
<p><font>Returns the last status or error message. The error message is reset after every
1792 
call to Execute().
1793 
</font></p><p>
1794 
<font>This can return a string even if
1795 
	no error occurs. In general you do not need to call this function unless an
1796 
	ADOdb function returns false on an error. </font></p>
1797 
<p><font>Note: If <b>debug</b> is enabled, the SQL error message is always displayed
1798 
	when the <b>Execute</b> function is called.</font></p>
1799 
<p><font><b>ErrorNo<a name="errorno"></a>()</b></font></p>
1800 
<p><font>Returns the last error number. The error number is reset after every call to Execute().
1801 
If 0 is returned, no error occurred.
1802 
</font></p><p>
1803 
<font>Note that old versions of PHP (pre 4.0.6) do
1804 
	not support error number for ODBC. In general you do not need to call this
1805 
	function unless an ADOdb function returns false on an error.</font></p>
1806 
 
1807 
<p><font><b>SetFetchMode<a name="setfetchmode"></a>($mode)</b></font></p>
1808 
<p><font>Sets the current fetch mode for the connection and stores
1809 
	it in $db-&gt;fetchMode. Legal modes are ADODB_FETCH_ASSOC and ADODB_FETCH_NUM.
1810 
	For more info, see <a href="#adodb_fetch_mode">$ADODB_FETCH_MODE</a>.</font></p>
1811 
<p><font>Returns the previous fetch mode, which could be false
1812 
	if SetFetchMode( ) has not been called before.</font></p>
1813 
<font>
1814 
</font><p><font><b>CreateSequence<a name="createseq"></a>($seqName = 'adodbseq',$startID=1)</b></font></p>
1815 
<p><font>Create a sequence. The next time GenID( ) is called, the value returned will
1816 
	be $startID. Added in 2.60.
1817 
</font></p><p><font><b>DropSequence<a name="dropseq"></a>($seqName = 'adodbseq')</b></font></p>
1818 
<p><font>Delete a sequence. Added in 2.60.
1819 
</font></p><p><font><b>GenID<a name="genid"></a>($seqName = 'adodbseq',$startID=1)</b></font></p>
1820 
<p><font>Generate a sequence number . Works for interbase,
1821 
	mysql, postgresql, oci8, oci8po, mssql, ODBC based (access,vfp,db2,etc) drivers
1822 
	currently. Uses $seqName as the name of the sequence. GenID() will automatically
1823 
	create the sequence for you if it does not exist (provided the userid has
1824 
	permission to do so). Otherwise you will have to create the sequence yourself.
1825 
</font></p><p><font> If your database driver emulates sequences, the name of the table is the sequence
1826 
	name. The table has one column, "id" which should be of type integer, or if
1827 
	you need something larger - numeric(16).
1828 
</font></p><p><font> For ODBC and databases that do not support sequences natively (eg mssql, mysql),
1829 
	we create a table for each sequence. If the sequence has not been defined
1830 
	earlier, it is created with the starting value set in $startID.</font></p>
1831 
<p><font>Note that the mssql driver's GenID() before 1.90 used to generate 16 byte GUID's.</font></p>
1832 
<p><font><b>UpdateBlob<a name="updateblob"></a>($table,$column,$val,$where)</b></font></p>
1833 
<font>Allows you to store a blob (in $val) into $table into $column in a row at $where.
1834 
</font><p><font> Usage:
1835 
</font></p><p><font>
1836 
</font></p><pre><font>	# for oracle<br>	$conn-&gt;Execute('INSERT INTO blobtable (id, blobcol) VALUES (1, empty_blob())');<br>	$conn-&gt;UpdateBlob('blobtable','blobcol',$blobvalue,'id=1');<br>	<br>	# non oracle databases<br>	$conn-&gt;Execute('INSERT INTO blobtable (id, blobcol) VALUES (1, null)');<br>	$conn-&gt;UpdateBlob('blobtable','blobcol',$blobvalue,'id=1');<br></font></pre>
1837 
<p><font> Returns true if succesful, false otherwise. Supported by MySQL, PostgreSQL,
1838 
	Oci8, Oci8po and Interbase drivers. Other drivers might work, depending on
1839 
	the state of development.</font></p>
1840 
<p><font>Note that when an Interbase blob is retrieved using SELECT, it still needs
1841 
	to be decoded using $connection-&gt;DecodeBlob($blob); to derive the original
1842 
	value in versions of PHP before 4.1.0.
1843 
</font></p><p><font>For PostgreSQL, you can store your blob using blob oid's or as a bytea field.
1844 
	You can use bytea fields but not blob oid's currently with UpdateBlob( ).
1845 
	Conversely UpdateBlobFile( ) supports oid's, but not bytea data.<br>
1846 
	<br>
1847 
	If you do not pass in an oid, then UpdateBlob() assumes that you are storing
1848 
	in bytea fields.
1849 
	<p>If you do not have any blob fields, you can improve you can improve general SQL query performance by disabling blob handling with $connection->disableBlobs = true.
1850 
</font></p><p><font><b>UpdateClob<a name="updateclob"></a>($table,$column,$val,$where)</b></font></p>
1851 
<font>Allows you to store a clob (in $val) into $table into $column in a row at $where.
1852 
Similar to UpdateBlob (see above), but for Character Large OBjects.
1853 
</font><p><font> Usage:
1854 
</font></p><pre><font>	# for oracle<br>	$conn-&gt;Execute('INSERT INTO clobtable (id, clobcol) VALUES (1, empty_clob())');<br>	$conn-&gt;UpdateBlob('clobtable','clobcol',$clobvalue,'id=1');<br>	<br>	# non oracle databases<br>	$conn-&gt;Execute('INSERT INTO clobtable (id, clobcol) VALUES (1, null)');<br>	$conn-&gt;UpdateBlob('clobtable','clobcol',$clobvalue,'id=1');<br></font></pre>
1855 
<p><font><b>UpdateBlobFile<a name="updateblobfile"></a>($table,$column,$path,$where,$blobtype='BLOB')</b></font></p>
1856 
<p><font>Similar to UpdateBlob, except that we pass in a file path to where the blob
1857 
	resides.
1858 
</font></p><p><font>For PostgreSQL, if you are using blob oid's, use this interface. This interface
1859 
	does not support bytea fields.
1860 
</font></p><p><font>Returns true if successful, false otherwise.
1861 
</font></p><p><font><b>BlobEncode<a name="blobencode" id="blobencode"></a>($blob)</b>
1862 
</font></p><p><font>Some databases require blob's to be encoded manually before upload. Note if
1863 
	you use UpdateBlob( ) or UpdateBlobFile( ) the conversion is done automatically
1864 
	for you and you do not have to call this function. For PostgreSQL, currently,
1865 
	BlobEncode() can only be used for bytea fields.
1866 
</font></p><p><font>Returns the encoded blob value.
1867 
</font></p><p><font>Note that there is a connection property called <em>blobEncodeType</em> which
1868 
	has 3 legal values:
1869 
</font></p><p><font>false - no need to perform encoding or decoding.<br>
1870 
	'I' - blob encoding required, and returned encoded blob is a numeric value
1871 
	(no need to quote).<br>
1872 
	'C' - blob encoding required, and returned encoded blob is a character value
1873 
	(requires quoting).
1874 
</font></p><p><font>This is purely for documentation purposes, so that programs that accept multiple
1875 
	database drivers know what is the right thing to do when processing blobs.
1876 
</font></p><p><font><strong>BlobDecode<a name="blobdecode"></a>($blob, $maxblobsize = false)</strong>
1877 
</font></p><p><font>Some databases require blob's to be decoded manually after doing a select statement.
1878 
	If the database does not require decoding, then this function will return
1879 
	the blob unchanged. Currently BlobDecode is only required for one database,
1880 
	PostgreSQL, and only if you are using blob oid's (if you are using bytea fields,
1881 
	we auto-decode for you).</font> The default maxblobsize is set in $connection-&gt;maxblobsize, which
1882 
	is set to 256K in adodb 4.54. </p><p>
1883 
	In ADOdb 4.54 and later, the blob is the return value. In earlier versions, the blob data is sent to stdout.</p><font>
1884 
</font><p></p><pre><font>$rs = $db-&gt;Execute("select bloboid from postgres_table where id=$key");<br>$blob = $db-&gt;BlobDecode( reset($rs-&gt;fields) );</font></pre>
1885 
<p><font><b>Replace<a name="replace"></a>($table, $arrFields, $keyCols,$autoQuote=false)</b></font></p>
1886 
<p><font>Try to update a record, and if the record is not found, an insert statement
1887 
	is generated and executed. Returns 0 on failure, 1 if update statement worked,
1888 
	2 if no record was found and the insert was executed successfully. This differs
1889 
	from MySQL's replace which deletes the record and inserts a new record. This
1890 
	also means you cannot update the primary key. The only exception to this is
1891 
	Interbase and its derivitives, which uses delete and insert because of some
1892 
	Interbase API limitations.
1893 
</font></p><p><font>The parameters are $table which is the table name, the $arrFields which is an
1894 
	associative array where the keys are the field names, and $keyCols is the name
1895 
	of the primary key, or an array of field names if it is a compound key. If
1896 
	$autoQuote is set to true, then Replace() will quote all values that are non-numeric;
1897 
	auto-quoting will not quote nulls. Note that auto-quoting will not work if
1898 
	you use SQL functions or operators.
1899 
</font></p><p><font>Examples:
1900 
</font></p><pre><font># single field primary key<br>$ret = $db-&gt;Replace('atable', <br>	array('id'=&gt;1000,'firstname'=&gt;'Harun','lastname'=&gt;'Al-Rashid'),<br>	'id',$autoquote = true);	<br># generates UPDATE atable SET firstname='Harun',lastname='Al-Rashid' WHERE id=1000<br># or INSERT INTO atable (id,firstname,lastname) VALUES (1000,'Harun','Al-Rashid')<br><br># compound key<br>$ret = $db-&gt;Replace('atable2', <br>	array('firstname'=&gt;'Harun','lastname'=&gt;'Al-Rashid', 'age' =&gt; 33, 'birthday' =&gt; 'null'),<br>	array('lastname','firstname'),<br>	$autoquote = true);<br><br># no auto-quoting<br>$ret = $db-&gt;Replace('atable2', <br>	array('firstname'=&gt;"'Harun'",'lastname'=&gt;"'Al-Rashid'", 'age' =&gt; 'null'),<br>	array('lastname','firstname'));	<br></font></pre>
1901 
<p><font><b>AutoExecute<a name="autoexecute"></a>($table, $arrFields, $mode, $where=false, $forceUpdate=true,$magicq=false)</b></font></p>
1902 
<p>Since ADOdb 4.56, you can automatically generate and execute INSERTs and UPDATEs on a given table with this
1903 
function, which is a wrapper for GetInsertSQL() and GetUpdateSQL().
1904 
<p>AutoExecute() inserts or updates $table given an array of $arrFields, where the keys are the field names and the array values are the
1905 
field values to store. Note that there is some overhead because the table is first queried to extract key information
1906 
before the SQL is generated. We generate an INSERT or UPDATE based on $mode (see below).
1907 
<p>
1908 
Legal values for $mode are
1909 
<ul>
1910 
<li>'INSERT' or 1 or DB_AUTOQUERY_INSERT
1911 
<li>'UPDATE' or 2 or DB_AUTOQUERY_UPDATE
1912 
</ul>
1913 
<p>You have to define the constants DB_AUTOQUERY_UPDATE and DB_AUTOQUERY_INSERT yourself or include adodb-pear.inc.php.
1914 
<p>The $where clause is required if $mode == 'UPDATE'. If $forceUpdate=false then we will query the
1915 
database first and check if the field value returned by the query matches the current field value; only if they differ do we update that field.
1916 
<p>Returns true on success, false on error.
1917 
<p>An example of its use is:
1918 
<pre>
1919 
$record["firstName"] = "Carol";
1920 
$record["lasTname"] = "Smith";
1921 
$conn->AutoExecute($table,$record,'INSERT');
1922 
# executes <i>"INSERT INTO $table (firstName,lasTname) values ('Carol',Smith')"</i>;
1923 
 
1924 
$record["firstName"] = "Carol";
1925 
$record["lasTname"] = "Jones";
1926 
$conn->AutoExecute($table,$record,'UPDATE', "lastname like 'Sm%'");
1927 
# executes <i>"UPDATE $table SET firstName='Carol',lasTname='Jones' WHERE lastname like 'Sm%'"</i>;
1928 
</pre>
1929 
<p>Note: One of the strengths of ADOdb's AutoExecute() is that only valid field names for $table are updated. If $arrFields
1930 
contains keys that are invalid field names for $table, they are ignored. There is some overhead in doing this as we have to
1931 
query the database to get the field names, but given that you are not directly coding the SQL yourself, you probably aren't interested in
1932 
speed at all, but convenience.
1933 
<p>Since 4.62, the table name to be used can be overridden by setting $rs->tableName before AutoExecute(), GetInsertSQL() or GetUpdateSQL() is called.
1934 
<p><font><b>GetUpdateSQL<a name="getupdatesql"></a>(&amp;$rs, $arrFields, $forceUpdate=false,$magicq=false, $force=null)</b></font></p>
1935 
<p><font>Generate SQL to update a table given a recordset $rs, and the modified fields
1936 
	of the array $arrFields (which must be an associative array holding the column
1937 
	names and the new values) are compared with the current recordset. If $forceUpdate
1938 
	is true, then we also generate the SQL even if $arrFields is identical to
1939 
	$rs-&gt;fields. Requires the recordset to be associative. $magicq is used
1940 
	to indicate whether magic quotes are enabled (see qstr()). The field names in the array
1941 
	are case-insensitive.</font></p>
1942 
<font>	</font><p><font>Since 4.52, we allow you to pass the $force type parameter, and this overrides the <a href="#ADODB_FORCE_TYPE">$ADODB_FORCE_TYPE</a>
1943 
	global variable.
1944 
<p>Since 4.62, the table name to be used can be overridden by setting $rs->tableName before AutoExecute(), GetInsertSQL() or GetUpdateSQL() is called.
1945 
</font></p><p><font><b>GetInsertSQL<a name="getinsertsql"></a>(&amp;$rs, $arrFields,$magicq=false,$force_type=false)</b></font></p>
1946 
<p><font>Generate SQL to insert into a table given a recordset $rs. Requires the query
1947 
	to be associative. $magicq is used to indicate whether magic quotes are enabled
1948 
	(for qstr()). The field names in the array are case-insensitive.</font></p>
1949 
<p>
1950 
<font>  Since 2.42, you can pass a  table name instead of a recordset into
1951 
GetInsertSQL (in $rs), and it will generate an insert statement for that table.
1952 
</font></p><p><font>Since 4.52, we allow you to pass the $force_type parameter, and this overrides the <a href="#ADODB_FORCE_TYPE">$ADODB_FORCE_TYPE</a>
1953 
	global variable.
1954 
<p>Since 4.62, the table name to be used can be overridden by setting $rs->tableName before AutoExecute(), GetInsertSQL() or GetUpdateSQL() is called.
1955 
</font></p><p><font><b>PageExecute<a name="pageexecute"></a>($sql, $nrows, $page, $inputarr=false)</b>
1956 
</font></p><p><font>Used for pagination of recordset. $page is 1-based. See <a href="#ex8">Example
1957 
  8</a>.</font></p>
1958 
 
1959 
<p><font><b>CachePageExecute<a name="cachepageexecute"></a>($secs2cache,
1960 
  $sql, $nrows, $page, $inputarr=false)</b> </font></p>
1961 
<p><font>Used for pagination of recordset. $page is 1-based. See
1962 
  <a href="#ex8">Example 8</a>. Caching version of PageExecute.</font></p>
1963 
<font>
1964 
</font><p></p>
1965 
<p><font><b>Close<a name="close"></a>( )</b></font></p>
1966 
<p><font>Close the database connection. PHP4 proudly states that we no longer have to
1967 
  clean up at the end of the connection because the reference counting mechanism
1968 
  of PHP4 will automatically clean up for us.</font></p>
1969 
<font>  </font><p><font><b>StartTrans<a name="starttrans"></a>( )</b></font></p>
1970 
<font>  </font><p><font>Start a monitored transaction. As SQL statements are executed, ADOdb will monitor
1971 
  for SQL errors, and if any are detected, when CompleteTrans() is called, we auto-rollback.
1972 
  </font></p><p>
1973 
<font>  </font></p><p><font> To understand why StartTrans() is superior to BeginTrans(),
1974 
  let us examine a few ways of using BeginTrans().
1975 
  The following is the wrong way to use transactions:
1976 
</font></p><pre><font>$DB-&gt;BeginTrans();<br>$DB-&gt;Execute("update table1 set val=$val1 where id=$id");<br>$DB-&gt;Execute("update table2 set val=$val2 where id=$id");<br>$DB-&gt;CommitTrans();<br></font></pre>
1977 
<p><font>because you perform no error checking. It is possible to update table1 and
1978 
  for the update on table2 to fail. Here is a better way:
1979 
</font></p><pre><font>$DB-&gt;BeginTrans();<br>$ok = $DB-&gt;Execute("update table1 set val=$val1 where id=$id");<br>if ($ok) $ok = $DB-&gt;Execute("update table2 set val=$val2 where id=$id");<br>if ($ok) $DB-&gt;CommitTrans();<br>else $DB-&gt;RollbackTrans();<br></font></pre>
1980 
<p><font>Another way is (since ADOdb 2.0):
1981 
</font></p><pre><font>$DB-&gt;BeginTrans();<br>$ok = $DB-&gt;Execute("update table1 set val=$val1 where id=$id");<br>if ($ok) $ok = $DB-&gt;Execute("update table2 set val=$val2 where id=$id");<br>$DB-&gt;CommitTrans($ok);<br></font></pre>
1982 
<p><font> Now it is a headache monitoring $ok all over the place. StartTrans() is an
1983 
improvement because it monitors all SQL errors for you. This is particularly
1984 
useful if you are calling black-box functions in which SQL queries might be executed.
1985 
 Also all BeginTrans, CommitTrans and RollbackTrans calls inside a StartTrans block
1986 
  will be disabled, so even if the black box function does a commit, it will be ignored.
1987 
</font></p><pre><font>$DB-&gt;StartTrans();<br>CallBlackBox();<br>$DB-&gt;Execute("update table1 set val=$val1 where id=$id");<br>$DB-&gt;Execute("update table2 set val=$val2 where id=$id");<br>$DB-&gt;CompleteTrans();<br></font></pre>
1988 
<p><font>Note that a StartTrans blocks are nestable, the inner blocks are ignored.
1989 
 </font></p><p><font><b>CompleteTrans<a name="completetrans"></a>($autoComplete=true)</b></font></p>
1990 
<font>  </font><p><font>Complete a transaction called with StartTrans(). This function monitors
1991 
  for SQL errors, and will commit if no errors have occured, otherwise it will rollback.
1992 
  Returns true on commit, false on rollback. If the parameter $autoComplete is true
1993 
  monitor sql errors and commit and rollback as appropriate. Set $autoComplete to false
1994 
  to force rollback even if no SQL error detected.
1995 
  </font></p><p><font><b>FailTrans<a name="failtrans"></a>( )</b></font></p>
1996 
<font>  </font><p><font>Fail a transaction started with StartTrans(). The rollback will only occur when
1997 
  CompleteTrans() is called.
1998 
    </font></p><p><font><b>HasFailedTrans<a name="hasfailedtrans"></a>( )</b></font></p>
1999 
<font>	</font><p><font>Check whether smart transaction has failed,
2000 
	eg. returns true if there was an error in SQL execution or FailTrans() was called.
2001 
	If not within smart transaction, returns false.
2002 
</font></p><p><font><b>BeginTrans<a name="begintrans"></a>( )</b></font></p>
2003 
<p><font>Begin a transaction. Turns off autoCommit. Returns true if successful. Some
2004 
  databases will always return false if transaction support is not available.
2005 
   Any open transactions will be rolled back when the connection is closed. Among the
2006 
   databases that support transactions are Oracle, PostgreSQL, Interbase, MSSQL, certain
2007 
    versions of MySQL, DB2, Informix, Sybase, etc.</font></p>
2008 
<font> </font><p><font>Note that <a href="#starttrans">StartTrans()</a> and CompleteTrans() is a superior method of
2009 
 handling transactions, available since ADOdb 3.40. For a explanation, see the <a href="#starttrans">StartTrans()</a> documentation.
2010 
 
2011 
</font></p><p><font>You can also use the ADOdb <a href="#errorhandling">error handler</a> to die
2012 
  and rollback your transactions for you transparently. Some buggy database extensions
2013 
  are known to commit all outstanding tranasactions, so you might want to explicitly
2014 
  do a $DB-&gt;RollbackTrans() in your error handler for safety.
2015 
 </font></p><h4><font>Detecting Transactions</font></h4>
2016 
<font> </font><p><font>Since ADOdb 2.50, you are able to detect when you are inside a transaction. Check
2017 
 that $connection-&gt;transCnt &gt; 0. This variable is incremented whenever BeginTrans() is called,
2018 
 and decremented whenever RollbackTrans() or CommitTrans() is called.
2019 
</font></p><p><font><b>CommitTrans<a name="committrans"></a>($ok=true)</b></font></p>
2020 
<p><font>End a transaction successfully. Returns true if successful. If the database
2021 
  does not support transactions, will return true also as data is always committed.
2022 
</font></p>
2023 
<p><font>If you pass the parameter $ok=false, the data is rolled back. See example in
2024 
  BeginTrans().</font></p>
2025 
<p><font><b>RollbackTrans<a name="rollbacktrans"></a>( )</b></font></p>
2026 
<p><font>End a transaction, rollback all changes. Returns true if successful. If the
2027 
  database does not support transactions, will return false as data is never rollbacked.
2028 
</font></p>
2029 
<font>
2030 
</font><p><font><b>GetAssoc<a name="getassoc1"></a>($sql,$inputarr=false,$force_array=false,$first2cols=false)</b></font></p>
2031 
<p><font>Returns an associative array for the given query $sql with optional bind parameters
2032 
  in $inputarr. If the number of columns returned is greater to two, a 2-dimensional
2033 
  array is returned, with the first column of the recordset becomes the keys
2034 
  to the rest of the rows. If the columns is equal to two, a 1-dimensional array
2035 
  is created, where the the keys directly map to the values (unless $force_array
2036 
  is set to true, when an array is created for each value).
2037 
</font></p><p><font> Examples:<a name="getassocex"></a></font></p>
2038 
 
2039 
<p><font>We have the following data in a recordset:</font></p>
2040 
<p><font>row1: Apple, Fruit, Edible<br>
2041 
  row2: Cactus, Plant, Inedible<br>
2042 
  row3: Rose, Flower, Edible</font></p>
2043 
<p><font>GetAssoc will generate the following 2-dimensional associative
2044 
  array:</font></p>
2045 
<p><font>Apple =&gt; array[Fruit, Edible]<br>
2046 
  Cactus =&gt; array[Plant, Inedible]<br>
2047 
  Rose =&gt; array[Flower,Edible]</font></p>
2048 
<p><font>If the dataset is:</font></p>
2049 
<p><font>row1: Apple, Fruit<br>
2050 
row2: Cactus, Plant<br>
2051 
row3: Rose, Flower </font></p>
2052 
<p><font>GetAssoc will generate the following 1-dimensional associative
2053 
  array (with $force_array==false):</font></p>
2054 
<p><font>Apple =&gt; Fruit</font><br>
2055 
  Cactus=&gt;Plant<br>
2056 
  Rose=&gt;Flower </p>
2057 
<p><font>The function returns:</font></p>
2058 
<p><font>The associative array, or false if an error occurs.</font></p>
2059 
<font>
2060 
<p><b>CacheGetAssoc<a name="cachegetassoc"></a>([$secs2cache,] $sql,$inputarr=false,$force_array=false,$first2cols=false)</b></p>
2061 
</font>
2062 
<p><font>Caching version of <a href="#getassoc1">GetAssoc</a> function above.
2063 
</font></p><p><font><b>GetOne<a name="getone"></a>($sql,$inputarr=false)</b></font></p>
2064 
<p><font>Executes the SQL and returns the first field of the first row. The recordset
2065 
  and remaining rows are discarded for you automatically. If an error occur, false
2066 
  is returned.</font></p>
2067 
<p><font><b>GetRow<a name="getrow"></a>($sql,$inputarr=false)</b></font></p>
2068 
<p><font>Executes the SQL and returns the first row as an array. The recordset and remaining
2069 
  rows are discarded for you automatically. If an error occurs, false is returned.</font></p>
2070 
<p><font><b>GetAll<a name="getall"></a>($sql,$inputarr=false)</b></font></p>
2071 
 
2072 
<p>Executes the SQL and returns the all the rows as a 2-dimensional
2073 
  array. The recordset is discarded for you automatically. If an error occurs,
2074 
  false is returned. <i>GetArray</i> is a synonym for <i>GetAll</i>.</p>
2075 
 <p><b>GetCol<a name="getcol"></a>($sql,$inputarr=false,$trim=false)</b></p>
2076 
 
2077 
<p><font>Executes the SQL and returns all elements of the first column as a
2078 
1-dimensional array. The recordset is discarded for you automatically. If an error occurs,
2079 
  false is returned.</font></p>
2080 
<p><font><b>CacheGetOne<a name="cachegetone"></a>([$secs2cache,]
2081 
  $sql,$inputarr=false), CacheGetRow<a name="cachegetrow"></a>([$secs2cache,] $sql,$inputarr=false), CacheGetAll<a name="cachegetall"></a>([$secs2cache,]
2082 
  $sql,$inputarr=false), CacheGetCol<a name="cachegetcol"></a>([$secs2cache,]
2083 
  $sql,$inputarr=false,$trim=false)</b></font></p>
2084 
<font>
2085 
</font><p><font>Similar to above Get* functions, except that the recordset is serialized and
2086 
  cached in the $ADODB_CACHE_DIR directory for $secs2cache seconds. Good for speeding
2087 
  up queries on rarely changing data. Note that the $secs2cache parameter is optional.
2088 
  If omitted, we use the value in $connection-&gt;cacheSecs (default is 3600 seconds,
2089 
  or 1 hour).</font></p>
2090 
<p><font><b>Prepare<a name="prepare"></a>($sql )</b></font></p>
2091 
 
2092 
<p><font>Prepares (compiles) an SQL query for repeated execution. Bind parameters
2093 
are denoted by ?, except for the oci8 driver, which uses the traditional Oracle :varname
2094 
convention.
2095 
  </font></p>
2096 
<p><font>Returns an array containing the original sql statement
2097 
  in the first array element; the remaining elements of the array are driver dependent.
2098 
  If there is an error, or we are emulating Prepare( ), we return the original
2099 
  $sql string. This is because all error-handling has been centralized in Execute(
2100 
  ).</font></p>
2101 
<p><font>Prepare( ) cannot be used with functions that use SQL
2102 
  query rewriting techniques, e.g. PageExecute( ) and SelectLimit( ).</font></p>
2103 
<p>Example:</p>
2104 
<pre><font>$stmt = $DB-&gt;Prepare('insert into table (col1,col2) values (?,?)');<br>for ($i=0; $i &lt; $max; $i++)<br></font>	$DB-&gt;<font>Execute($stmt,array((string) rand(), $i));<br></font></pre>
2105 
<font>
2106 
</font><p><font>Also see InParameter(), OutParameter() and PrepareSP() below. Only supported internally by interbase,
2107 
  oci8 and selected ODBC-based drivers, otherwise it is emulated. There is no
2108 
  performance advantage to using Prepare() with emulation.
2109 
</font></p><p><font> Important: Due to limitations or bugs in PHP, if you are getting errors when
2110 
  you using prepared queries, try setting $ADODB_COUNTRECS = false before preparing.
2111 
  This behaviour has been observed with ODBC.
2112 
</font></p><p><font><b>IfNull<a name="ifnull"></a>($field, $nullReplacementValue)</b></font></p>
2113 
<p><font>Portable IFNULL function (NVL in Oracle). Returns a string that represents
2114 
  the function that checks whether a $field is null for the given database, and
2115 
  if null, change the value returned to $nullReplacementValue. Eg.</font></p>
2116 
<pre><font>$sql = <font color="#993300">'SELECT '</font>.$db-&gt;IfNull('name', <font color="#993300">"'- unknown -'"</font>).<font color="#993300"> ' FROM table'</font>;</font></pre>
2117 
 
2118 
<p><font><b>length<a name="length"></a></b></font></p>
2119 
<p><font>This is not a function, but a property. Some databases have "length" and others "len"
2120 
as the function to measure the length of a string. To use this property:
2121 
</font></p><pre><font>  $sql = <font color="#993300">"SELECT "</font>.$db-&gt;length.<font color="#993300">"(field) from table"</font>;<br>  $rs = $db-&gt;Execute($sql);<br></font></pre>
2122 
 
2123 
<p><font><b>random<a name="random"></a></b></font></p>
2124 
<p><font>This is not a function, but a property. This is a string that holds the sql to
2125 
generate a random number between 0.0 and 1.0 inclusive.
2126 
 
2127 
</font></p><p><font><b>substr<a name="substr"></a></b></font></p>
2128 
<p><font>This is not a function, but a property. Some databases have "substr" and others "substring"
2129 
as the function to retrieve a sub-string. To use this property:
2130 
</font></p><pre><font>  $sql = <font color="#993300">"SELECT "</font>.$db-&gt;substr.<font color="#993300">"(field, $offset, $length) from table"</font>;<br>  $rs = $db-&gt;Execute($sql);<br></font></pre>
2131 
<p><font>For all databases, the 1st parameter of <i>substr</i> is the field, the 2nd is the
2132 
offset (1-based) to the beginning of the sub-string, and the 3rd is the length of the sub-string.
2133 
 
2134 
 
2135 
</font></p><p><font><b>Param<a name="param"></a>($name)</b></font></p>
2136 
<p><font>Generates a bind placeholder portably. For most databases, the bind placeholder
2137 
  is "?". However some databases use named bind parameters such as Oracle, eg
2138 
  ":somevar". This allows us to portably define an SQL statement with bind parameters:
2139 
</font></p><pre><font>$sql = <font color="#993300">'insert into table (col1,col2) values ('</font>.$DB-&gt;Param('a').<font color="#993300">','</font>.$DB-&gt;Param('b').<font color="#993300">')'</font>;<br><font color="#006600"># generates 'insert into table (col1,col2) values (?,?)'<br># or        'insert into table (col1,col2) values (:a,:b)</font>'<br>$stmt = $DB-&gt;Prepare($sql);<br>$stmt = $DB-&gt;Execute($stmt,array('one','two'));<br></font></pre>
2140 
<font> </font>
2141 
<p></p>
2142 
<p><font><b>PrepareSP</b><b><a name="preparesp"></a></b><b>($sql,
2143 
$cursor=false )</b></font></p>
2144 
<p><font>When calling stored procedures in mssql and oci8 (oracle),
2145 
    and you might want to directly bind to parameters that return values, or
2146 
for special LOB handling. PrepareSP() allows you to do so. </font></p>
2147 
<p><font>Returns the same array or $sql string as Prepare( )
2148 
    above. If you do not need to bind to return values, you should use Prepare(
2149 
  ) instead.</font></p>
2150 
<p><font>The 2nd parameter, $cursor is not used except with oci8.
2151 
    Setting it to true will force OCINewCursor to be called; this is to support
2152 
output REF CURSORs. </font></p>
2153 
<p><font>For examples of usage of PrepareSP( ), see InParameter(
2154 
) below. </font></p>
2155 
<p><font>Note: in the mssql driver, preparing stored procedures
2156 
    requires a special function call, mssql_init( ), which is called by this
2157 
    function. PrepareSP( ) is available in all other drivers, and is emulated
2158 
  by calling Prepare( ). </font></p>
2159 
<p><font><b> InParameter<a name="inparameter"></a>($stmt, $var,
2160 
  $name, $maxLen = 4000, $type = false )</b></font></p>
2161 
<font>Binds a PHP variable as input to a stored procedure variable.
2162 
The parameter <i>$stmt</i> is the value returned by PrepareSP(), <i>$var</i> is
2163 
the PHP variable you want to bind, $name is the name of the stored procedure
2164 
variable. Optional is <i>$maxLen</i>, the maximum length of the data to bind,
2165 
and $type which is database dependant. Consult <a href="http://php.net/mssql_bind">mssql_bind</a> and <a href="http://php.net/ocibindbyname">ocibindbyname</a> docs
2166 
at php.net for more info on legal values for $type. </font>
2167 
<p>
2168 
<font>InParameter() is a wrapper function that calls Parameter()
2169 
with $isOutput=false. The advantage of this function is that it is self-documenting,
2170 
because the $isOutput parameter is no longer needed. Only for mssql and oci8
2171 
currently. </font></p>
2172 
<p><font>Here is an example using oci8: </font></p>
2173 
<pre><font><font color="green"># For oracle, Prepare and PrepareSP are identical</font>
2174 
$stmt = $db-&gt;PrepareSP(
2175 
	<font color="#993300">"declare RETVAL integer; <br>	begin<br>	:RETVAL := </font><font color="#993300">SP_RUNSOMETHING</font><font color="#993300">(:myid,:group);<br>	end;"</font>);<br>$db-&gt;InParameter($stmt,$id,'myid');<br>$db-&gt;InParameter($stmt,$group,'group',64);<br>$db-&gt;OutParameter($stmt,$ret,'RETVAL');<br>$db-&gt;Execute($stmt);<br></font></pre>
2176 
<p><font> The same example using mssql:</font></p>
2177 
<font>
2178 
</font><pre><font><font color="green"># @RETVAL = SP_RUNSOMETHING @myid,@group</font>
2179 
$stmt = $db-&gt;PrepareSP(<font color="#993333">'<font color="#993300">SP_RUNSOMETHING</font>'</font>); <br><font color="green"># note that the parameter name does not have @ in front!</font>
2180 
$db-&gt;InParameter($stmt,$id,'myid');
2181 
$db-&gt;InParameter($stmt,$group,'group',64);
2182 
<font color="green"># return value in mssql - RETVAL is hard-coded name</font> <br>$db-&gt;OutParameter($stmt,$ret,'RETVAL');<br>$db-&gt;Execute($stmt); </font></pre>
2183 
 
2184 
<p><font>Note that the only difference between the oci8 and mssql implementations is $sql.</font></p>
2185 
<p>
2186 
<font> If $type parameter is set to false, in mssql, $type will be dynamicly determined
2187 
based on the type of the PHP variable passed <font face="Courier New, Courier, mono">(string
2188 
=&gt; SQLCHAR, boolean =&gt;SQLINT1, integer =&gt;SQLINT4 or float/double=&gt;SQLFLT8)</font>.
2189 
</font></p><p><font>
2190 
In oci8, $type can be set to OCI_B_FILE (Binary-File), OCI_B_CFILE (Character-File),
2191 
OCI_B_CLOB (Character-LOB), OCI_B_BLOB (Binary-LOB) and OCI_B_ROWID (ROWID). To
2192 
pass in a null, use<font face="Courier New, Courier, mono"> $db-&gt;Parameter($stmt,
2193 
$null=null, 'param')</font>.
2194 
  </font></p><p><font><b> OutParameter<a name="outparameter"></a>($stmt, $var, $name,
2195 
  $maxLen = 4000, $type = false )</b></font></p>
2196 
<font>  Binds a PHP variable as output from a stored procedure variable. The parameter <i>$stmt</i>
2197 
 is the value returned by PrepareSP(), <i>$var</i> is the PHP variable you want to bind, <i>$name</i>
2198 
 is the name of the stored procedure variable. Optional is <i>$maxLen</i>, the maximum length of the
2199 
 data to bind, and <i>$type</i> which is database dependant.
2200 
</font><p>
2201 
<font>  OutParameter() is a wrapper function that calls Parameter() with $isOutput=true.
2202 
  The advantage of this function is that it is self-documenting, because
2203 
the $isOutput parameter is no longer needed.  Only for mssql
2204 
  and oci8 currently.
2205 
</font></p><p>
2206 
<font>For an example, see <a href="#inparameter">InParameter</a>.
2207 
 
2208 
</font></p><p><font><b> Parameter<a name="parameter"></a>($stmt, $var, $name, $isOutput=false,
2209 
  $maxLen = 4000, $type = false )</b></font></p>
2210 
<p><font>Note: This function is deprecated, because of the new InParameter() and OutParameter() functions.
2211 
These are superior because they are self-documenting, unlike Parameter().
2212 
</font></p><p><font>Adds a bind parameter suitable for return values or special data handling (eg.
2213 
  LOBs) after a statement has been prepared using PrepareSP(). Only for mssql
2214 
  and oci8 currently. The parameters are:<br>
2215 
  <br>
2216 
  $<i><b>stmt</b></i> Statement returned by Prepare() or PrepareSP().<br>
2217 
  $<i><b>var</b></i> PHP variable to bind to. Make sure you pre-initialize it!<br>
2218 
  $<i><b>name</b></i> Name of stored procedure variable name to bind to.<br>
2219 
  [$<i><b>isOutput</b></i>] Indicates direction of parameter 0/false=IN 1=OUT
2220 
  2= IN/OUT. This is ignored in oci8 as this driver auto-detects the direction.<br>
2221 
  [$<b>maxLen</b>] Maximum length of the parameter variable.<br>
2222 
  [$<b>type</b>] Consult <a href="http://php.net/mssql_bind">mssql_bind</a> and
2223 
  <a href="http://php.net/ocibindbyname">ocibindbyname</a> docs at php.net for
2224 
  more info on legal values for type.</font></p>
2225 
<p><font>Lastly, in oci8, bind parameters can be reused without calling PrepareSP( )
2226 
  or Parameters again. This is not possible with mssql. An oci8 example:</font></p>
2227 
<pre><font>$id = 0; $i = 0;<br>$stmt = $db-&gt;PrepareSP( <font color="#993300">"update table set val=:i where id=:id"</font>);<br>$db-&gt;Parameter($stmt,$id,'id');<br>$db-&gt;Parameter($stmt,$i, 'i');<br>for ($cnt=0; $cnt &lt; 1000; $cnt++) {<br>	$id = $cnt; <br>	$i = $cnt * $cnt; <font color="green"># works with oci8!</font>
2228 
	$db-&gt;Execute($stmt); <br>}</font></pre>
2229 
<p><font><b>Bind<a name="bind"></a>($stmt, $var, $size=4001, $type=false, $name=false)</b></font></p>
2230 
 
2231 
<p><font>This is a low-level function supported only by the oci8
2232 
  driver. <b>Avoid using</b> unless you only want to support Oracle. The Parameter(
2233 
  ) function is the recommended way to go with bind variables.</font></p>
2234 
<p><font>Bind( ) allows you to use bind variables in your sql
2235 
  statement. This binds a PHP variable to a name defined in an Oracle sql statement
2236 
  that was previously prepared using Prepare(). Oracle named variables begin with
2237 
  a colon, and ADOdb requires the named variables be called :0, :1, :2, :3, etc.
2238 
  The first invocation of Bind() will match :0, the second invocation will match
2239 
  :1, etc. Binding can provide 100% speedups for insert, select and update statements.
2240 
  </font></p>
2241 
<p>The other variables, $size sets the buffer size for data storage, $type is
2242 
  the optional descriptor type OCI_B_FILE (Binary-File), OCI_B_CFILE (Character-File),
2243 
  OCI_B_CLOB (Character-LOB), OCI_B_BLOB (Binary-LOB) and OCI_B_ROWID (ROWID).
2244 
  Lastly, instead of using the default :0, :1, etc names, you can define your
2245 
  own bind-name using $name.
2246 
</p><p><font>The following example shows 3 bind variables being used:
2247 
  p1, p2 and p3. These variables are bound to :0, :1 and :2.</font></p>
2248 
<pre>$stmt = $DB-&gt;Prepare("insert into table (col0, col1, col2) values (:0, :1, :2)");<br>$DB-&gt;Bind($stmt, $p1);<br>$DB-&gt;Bind($stmt, $p2);<br>$DB-&gt;Bind($stmt, $p3);<br>for ($i = 0; $i &lt; $max; $i++) { <br>   $p1 = ?; $p2 = ?; $p3 = ?;<br>   $DB-&gt;Execute($stmt);<br>}</pre>
2249 
<p>You can also use named variables:</p>
2250 
<pre>$stmt = $DB-&gt;Prepare("insert into table (col0, col1, col2) values (:name0, :name1, :name2)");<br>$DB-&gt;Bind($stmt, $p1, "name0");<br>$DB-&gt;Bind($stmt, $p2, "name1");<br>$DB-&gt;Bind($stmt, $p3, "name2");<br>for ($i = 0; $i &lt; $max; $i++) { <br>   $p1 = ?; $p2 = ?; $p3 = ?;<br>   $DB-&gt;Execute($stmt);<br>}</pre>
2251 
<p><b>LogSQL($enable=true)<a name="logsql"></a></b></p>
2252 
Call this method to install a SQL logging and timing function (using fnExecute).
2253 
Then all SQL statements are logged into an adodb_logsql table in a database. If
2254 
the adodb_logsql table does not exist, ADOdb will create the table if you have
2255 
the appropriate permissions. Returns the previous logging value (true for enabled,
2256 
false for disabled). Here are samples of the DDL for selected databases:
2257 
<p>
2258 
</p><pre>		<b>mysql:</b>
2259 
		CREATE TABLE adodb_logsql (
2260 
		  created datetime NOT NULL,
2261 
		  sql0 varchar(250) NOT NULL,
2262 
		  sql1 text NOT NULL,
2263 
		  params text NOT NULL,
2264 
		  tracer text NOT NULL,
2265 
		  timer decimal(16,6) NOT NULL
2266 
		)
2267 
 
2268 
		<b>postgres:</b>
2269 
		CREATE TABLE adodb_logsql (
2270 
		  created timestamp NOT NULL,
2271 
		  sql0 varchar(250) NOT NULL,
2272 
		  sql1 text NOT NULL,
2273 
		  params text NOT NULL,
2274 
		  tracer text NOT NULL,
2275 
		  timer decimal(16,6) NOT NULL
2276 
		)
2277 
 
2278 
		<b>mssql:</b>
2279 
		CREATE TABLE adodb_logsql (
2280 
		  created datetime NOT NULL,
2281 
		  sql0 varchar(250) NOT NULL,
2282 
		  sql1 varchar(4000) NOT NULL,
2283 
		  params varchar(3000) NOT NULL,
2284 
		  tracer varchar(500) NOT NULL,
2285 
		  timer decimal(16,6) NOT NULL
2286 
		)
2287 
 
2288 
		<b>oci8:</b>
2289 
		CREATE TABLE adodb_logsql (
2290 
		  created date NOT NULL,
2291 
		  sql0 varchar(250) NOT NULL,
2292 
		  sql1 varchar(4000) NOT NULL,
2293 
		  params varchar(4000),
2294 
		  tracer varchar(4000),
2295 
		  timer decimal(16,6) NOT NULL
2296 
		)
2297 
</pre>
2298 
Usage:
2299 
<pre>	$conn-&gt;LogSQL(); // turn on logging<br>	  :<br>	$conn-&gt;Execute(...);<br>	  :<br>	$conn-&gt;LogSQL(false); // turn off logging<br>	<br>	# output summary of SQL logging results<br>	$perf = NewPerfMonitor($conn);<br>	echo $perf-&gt;SuspiciousSQL();<br>	echo $perf-&gt;ExpensiveSQL();<br></pre>
2300 
<p>One limitation of logging is that rollback also prevents SQL from being logged.
2301 
</p><p>
2302 
If you prefer to use another name for the table used to store the SQL, you can override it by calling
2303 
adodb_perf::table($tablename), where $tablename is the new table name (you will still need to manually
2304 
create the table yourself). An example:
2305 
</p><pre>	include('adodb.inc.php');<br>	include('adodb-perf.inc.php');<br>	adodb_perf::table('my_logsql_table');<br></pre>
2306 
Also see <a href="docs-perf.htm">Performance Monitor</a>.
2307 
<p><font><b>fnExecute and fnCacheExecute properties<a name="fnexecute" id="fnexecute"></a></b></font></p>
2308 
<p>These two properties allow you to define bottleneck functions for all sql statements
2309 
  processed by ADOdb. This allows you to perform statistical analysis and query-rewriting
2310 
  of your sql.
2311 
</p><p><b>Examples of fnExecute</b></p>
2312 
<p>Here is an example of using fnExecute, to count all cached queries and non-cached
2313 
  queries, you can do this:</p>
2314 
<pre><font color="#006600"># $db is the connection object</font>
2315 
function CountExecs($db, $sql, $inputarray)
2316 
{
2317 
global $EXECS;
2318 
 
2319 
if (!is_array(inputarray)) $EXECS++;
2320 
<font color="#006600"># handle 2-dimensional input arrays</font>
2321 
else if (is_array(reset($inputarray))) $EXECS += sizeof($inputarray);
2322 
else $EXECS++;
2323 
}
2324 
 
2325 
<font color="#006600"># $db is the connection object</font>
2326 
function CountCachedExecs($db, $secs2cache, $sql, $inputarray)
2327 
{<br>global $CACHED; $CACHED++;<br>}<br><br>$db = NewADOConnection('mysql');<br>$db-&gt;Connect(...);<br>$db-&gt;<strong>fnExecute</strong> = 'CountExecs';<br>$db-&gt;<strong>fnCacheExecute</strong> = 'CountCachedExecs';<br> :<br> :<br><font color="#006600"># After many sql statements:</font>`<br>printf("&lt;p&gt;Total queries=%d; total cached=%d&lt;/p&gt;",$EXECS+$CACHED, $CACHED);<br></pre>
2328 
<p>The fnExecute function is called before the sql is parsed and executed, so
2329 
  you can perform a query rewrite. If you are passing in a prepared statement,
2330 
  then $sql is an array (see <a href="#prepare">Prepare</a>). The fnCacheExecute
2331 
  function is only called if the recordset returned was cached.<font>
2332 
  The function parameters match the Execute and CacheExecute functions respectively,
2333 
  except that $this (the connection object) is passed as the first parameter.</font></p>
2334 
<p>Since ADOdb 3.91, the behaviour of fnExecute varies depending on whether the
2335 
  defined function returns a value. If it does not return a value, then the $sql
2336 
  is executed as before. This is useful for query rewriting or counting sql queries.
2337 
</p><p> On the other hand, you might want to replace the Execute function with one
2338 
  of your own design. If this is the case, then have your function return a value.
2339 
  If a value is returned, that value is returned immediately, without any further
2340 
  processing. This is used internally by ADOdb to implement LogSQL() functionality.
2341 
</p>
2342 
<p>
2343 
</p><hr />
2344 
<h3><font>ADOConnection Utility Functions</font></h3>
2345 
<p><font><b>BlankRecordSet<a name="blankrecordset"></a>([$queryid])</b></font></p>
2346 
<p><font>No longer available - removed since 1.99.</font></p>
2347 
<p><font><b>Concat<a name="concat"></a>($s1,$s2,....)</b></font></p>
2348 
<p><font>Generates the sql string used to concatenate $s1, $s2, etc together. Uses the
2349 
  string in the concat_operator field to generate the concatenation. Override
2350 
  this function if a concatenation operator is not used, eg. MySQL.</font></p>
2351 
<p><font>Returns the concatenated string.</font></p>
2352 
<p><font><b>DBDate<a name="dbdate"></a>($date)</b></font></p>
2353 
<p><font>Format the $<b>date</b> in the format the database accepts. This is used in
2354 
  INSERT/UPDATE statements; for SELECT statements, use <a href="#sqldate">SQLDate</a>.
2355 
  The $<b>date</b> parameter can be a Unix integer timestamp or an ISO format
2356 
  Y-m-d. Uses the fmtDate field, which holds the format to use. If null or false
2357 
  or '' is passed in, it will be converted to an SQL null.</font></p>
2358 
<p><font>Returns the date as a quoted string.</font></p>
2359 
<p><font><b>DBTimeStamp<a name="dbtimestamp"></a>($ts)</b></font></p>
2360 
<p><font>Format the timestamp $<b>ts</b> in the format the database accepts; this can
2361 
  be a Unix integer timestamp or an ISO format Y-m-d H:i:s. Uses the fmtTimeStamp
2362 
  field, which holds the format to use. If null or false or '' is passed in, it
2363 
  will be converted to an SQL null.</font></p>
2364 
<p><font>Returns the timestamp as a quoted string.</font></p>
2365 
<p><font><b>qstr<a name="qstr"></a>($s,[$magic_quotes_enabled</b>=false]<b>)</b></font></p>
2366 
<p><font>Quotes a string to be sent to the database. The $<b>magic_quotes_enabled</b>
2367 
  parameter may look funny, but the idea is if you are quoting a string extracted
2368 
  from a POST/GET variable, then pass get_magic_quotes_gpc() as the second parameter.
2369 
  This will ensure that the variable is not quoted twice, once by <i>qstr</i>
2370 
  and once by the <i>magic_quotes_gpc</i>.</font></p>
2371 
<p><font>Eg.<font face="Courier New, Courier, mono"> $s = $db-&gt;qstr(HTTP_GET_VARS['name'],get_magic_quotes_gpc());</font></font></p>
2372 
<p><font>Returns the quoted string.</font></p>
2373 
<p><font><b>Quote<a name="quote"></a>($s)</b></font></p>
2374 
<p><font>Quotes the string $s, escaping the database specific quote character as appropriate.
2375 
  Formerly checked magic quotes setting, but this was disabled since 3.31 for
2376 
  compatibility with PEAR DB.
2377 
</font></p><p><font><b>Affected_Rows<a name="affected_rows"></a>( )</b></font></p>
2378 
<p><font>Returns the number of rows affected by a update or delete statement. Returns
2379 
  false if function not supported.</font></p>
2380 
<p><font>Not supported by interbase/firebird currently. </font></p>
2381 
<p><font><b>Insert_ID<a name="inserted_id"></a>( )</b></font></p>
2382 
<p><font>Returns the last autonumbering ID inserted. Returns false if function not supported.
2383 
</font></p>
2384 
<p><font>Only supported by databases that support auto-increment or object id's, such
2385 
  as PostgreSQL, MySQL and MS SQL Server currently. PostgreSQL returns the OID, which
2386 
  can change on a database reload.</font></p>
2387 
<p><font><b>RowLock<a name="rowlock"></a>($table,$where)</b></font></p>
2388 
<p><font>Lock a table row for the duration of a transaction. For example to lock record $id in table1:
2389 
</font></p><pre><font>	$DB-&gt;StartTrans();<br>	$DB-&gt;RowLock("table1","rowid=$id");<br>	$DB-&gt;Execute($sql1);<br>	$DB-&gt;Execute($sql2);<br>	$DB-&gt;CompleteTrans();<br></font></pre>
2390 
<p><font>Supported in db2, interbase, informix, mssql, oci8, postgres, sybase.
2391 
</font></p><p><font><b>MetaDatabases<a name="metadatabases"></a>()</b></font></p>
2392 
<p><font>Returns a list of databases available on the server as an array. You have to
2393 
  connect to the server first. Only available for ODBC, MySQL and ADO.</font></p>
2394 
<p><font><b>MetaTables<a name="metatables"></a>($ttype = false, $showSchema = false,
2395 
  $mask=false)</b></font></p>
2396 
<p><font>Returns an array of tables and views for the current database as an array.
2397 
  The array should exclude system catalog tables if possible. To only show tables,
2398 
  use $db-&gt;MetaTables('TABLES'). To show only views, use $db-&gt;MetaTables('VIEWS').
2399 
  The $showSchema parameter currently works only for DB2, and when set to true,
2400 
  will add the schema name to the table, eg. "SCHEMA.TABLE". </font></p>
2401 
<p><font>You can define a mask for matching. For example, setting $mask = 'TMP%' will
2402 
  match all tables that begin with 'TMP'. Currently only mssql, oci8, odbc_mssql
2403 
  and postgres* support $mask.
2404 
</font></p><p><font><b>MetaColumns<a name="metacolumns"></a>($table,$notcasesensitive=true)</b></font></p>
2405 
<p><font>Returns an array of ADOFieldObject's, one field object for every column of
2406 
  $table. A field object is a class instance with (name, type, max_length) defined.
2407 
  Currently Sybase does not recognise date types, and ADO cannot identify
2408 
  the correct data type (so we default to varchar).
2409 
 </font></p><p><font> The $notcasesensitive parameter determines whether we uppercase or lowercase the table name to normalize it
2410 
 (required for some databases). Does not work with MySQL ISAM tables.
2411 
 </font></p><p><font>For schema support, pass in the $table parameter, "$schema.$tablename". This is only
2412 
 supported for selected databases.
2413 
</font></p><p><font><b>MetaColumnNames<a name="metacolumnames"></a>($table,$numericIndex=false)</b></font></p>
2414 
<p><font>Returns an array of column names for $table. Since ADOdb 4.22, this is an associative array, with the
2415 
keys in uppercase. Set $numericIndex=true if you want the old behaviour of numeric indexes (since 4.23).
2416 
</font></p><p>
2417 
<font>e.g. array('FIELD1' =&gt; 'Field1', 'FIELD2'=&gt;'Field2')
2418 
</font></p><p>
2419 
</p><p><font><b>MetaPrimaryKeys<a name="metaprimarykeys"></a>($table,
2420 
      $owner=false)</b></font>
2421 
</p>
2422 
<p><font>Returns an array containing column names that are the
2423 
  primary keys of $table. Supported by mysql, odbc (including db2, odbc_mssql,
2424 
etc), mssql, postgres, interbase/firebird, oci8 currently. </font></p>
2425 
<p><font>Views (and some tables) have primary keys, but sometimes this information is not available from the
2426 
database. You can define a function  ADODB_View_PrimaryKeys($databaseType, $database, $view, $owner) that
2427 
should return an array containing the fields that make up the primary key. If that function exists,
2428 
it will be called when MetaPrimaryKeys() cannot find a primary key for a table or view.
2429 
</font></p><pre><font>// In this example: dbtype = 'oci8', $db = 'mydb', $view = 'dataView', $owner = false <br>function ADODB_View_PrimaryKeys($dbtype,$db,$view,$owner)<br>{<br>	switch(strtoupper($view)) {<br>	case 'DATAVIEW': return array('DATAID');<br>	default: return false;<br>	}<br>}<br><br>$db = NewADOConnection('oci8');<br>$db-&gt;Connect('localhost','root','','mydb'); <br>$db-&gt;MetaPrimaryKeys('dataView');<br></font></pre>
2430 
<p><font><b>ServerInfo<a name="serverinfo" id="serverinfo"></a>()</b></font>
2431 
</p>
2432 
<p><font>Returns an array of containing two elements 'description'
2433 
  and 'version'. The 'description' element contains the string description of
2434 
  the database. The 'version' naturally holds the version number (which is also
2435 
a string).</font></p>
2436 
<p><font><b>MetaForeignKeys<a name="metaforeignkeys"></a>($table, $owner=false, $upper=false)</b>
2437 
</font></p><p><font>Returns an associate array of foreign keys, or false if not supported. For
2438 
  example, if table employee has a foreign key where employee.deptkey points to
2439 
  dept_table.deptid, and employee.posn=posn_table.postionid and employee.poscategory=posn_table.category,
2440 
  then $conn-&gt;MetaForeignKeys('employee') will return
2441 
</font></p><pre><font>	array(<br>		'dept_table' =&gt; array('deptkey=deptid'),<br>		'posn_table' =&gt; array('posn=positionid','poscategory=category')<br>	)<br></font></pre>
2442 
<p><font>The optional schema or owner can be defined in $owner. If $upper is true, then
2443 
  the table names (array keys) are upper-cased.
2444 
</font></p><hr />
2445 
<h2><font>ADORecordSet<a name="adorecordset"></a></font></h2>
2446 
<p><font>When an SQL statement successfully is executed by <font face="Courier New, Courier, mono">ADOConnection-&gt;Execute($sql),</font>an
2447 
  ADORecordSet object is returned. This object contains a virtual cursor so we
2448 
  can move from row to row, functions to obtain information about the columns
2449 
  and column types, and helper functions to deal with formating the results to
2450 
  show to the user.</font></p>
2451 
<h3><font>ADORecordSet Fields</font></h3>
2452 
<p><font><b>fields: </b>Array containing the current row. This is not associative, but
2453 
  is an indexed array from 0 to columns-1. See also the function <b><a href="#fields">Fields</a></b>,
2454 
  which behaves like an associative array.</font></p>
2455 
<p><font><b>dataProvider</b>: The underlying mechanism used to connect to the database.
2456 
  Normally set to <b>native</b>, unless using <b>odbc</b> or <b>ado</b>.</font></p>
2457 
<p><font><b>blobSize</b>: Maximum size of a char, string or varchar object before it
2458 
  is treated as a Blob (Blob's should be shown with textarea's). See the <a href="#metatype">MetaType</a>
2459 
  function.</font></p>
2460 
<p><font><b>sql</b>: Holds the sql statement used to generate this record set.</font></p>
2461 
<p><font><b>canSeek</b>: Set to true if Move( ) function works.</font></p>
2462 
<p><font><b>EOF</b>: True if we have scrolled the cursor past the last record.</font></p>
2463 
<h3><font>ADORecordSet Functions</font></h3>
2464 
<p><font><b>ADORecordSet( )</b></font></p>
2465 
<p><font>Constructer. Normally you never call this function yourself.</font></p>
2466 
<p><font><b>GetAssoc<a name="getassoc"></a>([$force_array])</b></font></p>
2467 
<p><font>Generates an associative array from the recordset. Note that is this function
2468 
  is also <a href="#getassoc1">available</a> in the connection object. More details
2469 
  can be found there.</font></p>
2470 
<font> </font>
2471 
<p><font><b>GetArray<a name="getarray"></a>([$number_of_rows])</b></font></p>
2472 
<p><font>Generate a 2-dimensional array of records from the current
2473 
    cursor position, indexed from 0 to $number_of_rows - 1. If $number_of_rows
2474 
  is undefined, till EOF.</font></p>
2475 
<p><font><b>GetRows<a name="getrows"></a>([$number_of_rows])</b></font></p>
2476 
<font>Generate a 2-dimensional array of records from the current
2477 
cursor position. Synonym for GetArray() for compatibility with Microsoft ADO. </font>
2478 
<p><font> <b>GetMenu<a name="getmenu"></a>($name, [$default_str=''],
2479 
  [$blank1stItem=true], [$multiple_select=false], [$size=0], [$moreAttr=''])</b></font></p>
2480 
<p><font>Generate a HTML menu (&lt;select&gt;&lt;option&gt;&lt;option&gt;&lt;/select&gt;).
2481 
    The first column of the recordset (fields[0]) will hold the string to display
2482 
    in the option tags. If the recordset has more than 1 column, the second column
2483 
    (fields[1]) is the value to send back to the web server.. The menu will be
2484 
given the name $<i>name</i>. </font></p>
2485 
<p><font> If $<i>default_str</i> is defined, then if $<i>default_str</i> ==
2486 
    fields[0], that field is selected. If $<i>blank1stItem</i> is true, the first
2487 
    option is empty. You can also set the first option strings by setting $blank1stItem
2488 
  = "$value:$text".</font></p>
2489 
<p><font>$<i>Default_str</i> can be array for a multiple select
2490 
listbox.</font></p>
2491 
<p><font>To get a listbox, set the $<i>size</i> to a non-zero
2492 
    value (or pass $default_str as an array). If $<i>multiple_select</i> is true
2493 
    then a listbox will be generated with $<i>size</i> items (or if $size==0,
2494 
    then 5 items) visible, and we will return an array to a server. Lastly use
2495 
  $<i>moreAttr </i> to add additional attributes such as javascript or styles. </font></p>
2496 
<p><font>Menu Example 1: <code>GetMenu('menu1','A',true)</code> will
2497 
    generate a menu:
2498 
    <select name="menu1"><option> </option><option value="1" selected="selected">A </option><option value="2">B </option><option value="3">C </option></select>
2499 
for the data (A,1), (B,2), (C,3). Also see <a href="#ex5">example 5</a>.</font></p>
2500 
<p><font>Menu Example 2: For the same data, <code>GetMenu('menu1',array('A','B'),false)</code> will
2501 
    generate a menu with both A and B selected: <br>
2502 
    <select name="menu1" multiple="multiple" size="3"><option value="1" selected="selected">A </option><option value="2" selected="selected">B </option><option value="3">C </option></select>
2503 
</font></p>
2504 
<p><font> <b>GetMenu2<a name="getmenu2"></a>($name, [$default_str=''],
2505 
  [$blank1stItem=true], [$multiple_select=false], [$size=0], [$moreAttr=''])</b></font></p>
2506 
<p><font>This is nearly identical to GetMenu, except that the
2507 
  $<i>default_str</i> is matched to fields[1] (the option values).</font></p>
2508 
<p><font>Menu Example 3: Given the data in menu example 2, <code>GetMenu2('menu1',array('1','2'),false)</code> will
2509 
    generate a menu with both A and B selected in menu example 2, but this time
2510 
    the selection is based on the 2nd column, which holds the values to return
2511 
to the Web server. </font></p>
2512 
<p><font><b>UserDate<a name="userdate"></a>($str, [$fmt])</b></font></p>
2513 
<p><font>Converts the date string $<i>str</i> to another format.
2514 
    The date format is Y-m-d, or Unix timestamp format. The default $<i>fmt</i> is
2515 
Y-m-d.</font></p>
2516 
<p><font><b>UserTimeStamp<a name="usertimestamp"></a>($str, [$fmt])</b></font></p>
2517 
<p><font>Converts the timestamp string $<b>str</b> to another
2518 
    format. The timestamp format is Y-m-d H:i:s, as in '2002-02-28 23:00:12',
2519 
    or Unix timestamp format. UserTimeStamp calls UnixTimeStamp to parse $<i>str</i>,
2520 
and $<i>fmt</i> defaults to Y-m-d H:i:s if not defined. </font></p>
2521 
<p><font><b>UnixDate<a name="unixdate"></a>($str)</b></font></p>
2522 
<p><font>Parses the date string $<b>str</b> and returns it in
2523 
    unix mktime format (eg. a number indicating the seconds after January 1st,
2524 
    1970). Expects the date to be in Y-m-d H:i:s format, except for Sybase and
2525 
    Microsoft SQL Server, where M d Y is also accepted (the 3 letter month strings
2526 
  are controlled by a global array, which might need localisation).</font></p>
2527 
<p><font>This function is available in both ADORecordSet and
2528 
ADOConnection since 1.91.</font></p>
2529 
<p><font><b>UnixTimeStamp<a name="unixtimestamp"></a>($str)</b></font></p>
2530 
<p><font>Parses the timestamp string $<b>str</b> and returns
2531 
    it in unix mktime format (eg. a number indicating the seconds after January
2532 
    1st, 1970). Expects the date to be in "Y-m-d, H:i:s" (1970-12-24, 00:00:00)
2533 
    or "Y-m-d H:i:s" (1970-12-24 00:00:00) or "YmdHis" (19701225000000) format,
2534 
    except for Sybase and Microsoft SQL Server, where "M d Y h:i:sA" (Dec 25
2535 
    1970 00:00:00AM) is also accepted (the 3 letter month strings are controlled
2536 
by a global array, which might need localisation).</font></p>
2537 
<font>
2538 
</font><p><font>This function is available in both ADORecordSet
2539 
    and ADOConnection since 1.91. </font></p>
2540 
<p><font><b>OffsetDate<a name="offsetdate"></a>($dayFraction,
2541 
  $basedate=false)</b></font></p>
2542 
<p><font>Returns a string with the native SQL functions to calculate
2543 
    future and past dates based on $basedate in a portable fashion. If $basedate
2544 
    is not defined, then the current date (at 12 midnight) is used. Returns the
2545 
  SQL string that performs the calculation when passed to Execute(). </font></p>
2546 
<p><font>For example, in Oracle, to find the date and time that
2547 
  is 2.5 days from today, you can use:</font></p>
2548 
<pre><font># get date one week from now<br>$fld = $conn-&gt;OffsetDate(7); // returns "(trunc(sysdate)+7")</font></pre>
2549 
<pre><font># get date and time that is 60 hours from current date and time<br>$fld = $conn-&gt;OffsetDate(2.5, $conn-&gt;sysTimeStamp);	// returns "(sysdate+2.5)"<br><br>$conn-&gt;Execute("UPDATE TABLE SET dodate=$fld WHERE ID=$id");</font></pre>
2550 
<p><font> This function is available for mysql, mssql, oracle, oci8 and postgresql drivers
2551 
  since 2.13. It might work with other drivers provided they allow performing
2552 
  numeric day arithmetic on dates.</font></p>
2553 
<font> </font>
2554 
<p><font><b>SQLDate<a name="sqldate"></a>($dateFormat, $basedate=false)</b></font></p>
2555 
<font>Returns a string which contains the native SQL functions
2556 
to format a date or date column $basedate. This is used in SELECT statements.
2557 
For INSERT/UPDATE statements, use <a href="#dbdate">DBDate</a>. It uses a case-sensitive
2558 
$dateFormat, which supports: </font>
2559 
<pre><font>
2560 
  Y: 4-digit Year
2561 
  Q: Quarter (1-4)
2562 
  M: Month (Jan-Dec)
2563 
  m: Month (01-12)
2564 
  d: Day (01-31)
2565 
  H: Hour (00-23)
2566 
  h: Hour (1-12)
2567 
  i: Minute (00-59)
2568 
  s: Second (00-60)
2569 
  A: AM/PM indicator
2570 
  w: day of week (0-6 or 1-7 depending on DB)
2571 
  l: day of week (as string - lowercase L)
2572 
  W: week in year (0..53 for MySQL, 1..53 for PostgreSQL and Oracle)
2573 
  </font></pre>
2574 
<p><font>All other characters are treated as strings. You can
2575 
    also use \ to escape characters. Available on selected databases, including
2576 
mysql, postgresql, mssql, oci8 and DB2. </font></p>
2577 
<p><font>This is useful in writing portable sql statements that
2578 
    GROUP BY on dates. For example to display total cost of goods sold broken
2579 
by quarter (dates are stored in a field called postdate): </font></p>
2580 
<pre><font> $sqlfn = $db-&gt;SQLDate('Y-\QQ','postdate'); # get sql that formats postdate to output 2002-Q1<br> $sql = "SELECT $sqlfn,SUM(cogs) FROM table GROUP BY $sqlfn ORDER BY 1 desc";<br> </font></pre>
2581 
<p><font><b>MoveNext<a name="movenext"></a>( )</b></font></p>
2582 
<p><font>Move the internal cursor to the next row. The <i>$this-&gt;fields</i> array
2583 
    is automatically updated. Returns false if unable to do so (normally because
2584 
EOF has been reached), otherwise true. </font></p>
2585 
<p><font> If EOF is reached, then the $this-&gt;fields array
2586 
    is set to false (this was only implemented consistently in ADOdb 3.30). For
2587 
    the pre-3.30 behaviour of $this-&gt;fields (at EOF), set the global variable
2588 
  $ADODB_COMPAT_FETCH = true.</font></p>
2589 
<p><font>Example:</font></p>
2590 
<pre><font>$rs = $db-&gt;Execute($sql);<br>if ($rs) <br>	while (!$rs-&gt;EOF) {<br> 		ProcessArray($rs-&gt;fields);	<br>		$rs-&gt;MoveNext();<br>	} </font></pre>
2591 
<p><font><b>Move<a name="move"></a>($to)</b></font></p>
2592 
<p><font>Moves the internal cursor to a specific row $<b>to</b>.
2593 
    Rows are zero-based eg. 0 is the first row. The <b>fields</b> array is automatically
2594 
    updated. For databases that do not support scrolling internally, ADOdb will
2595 
    simulate forward scrolling. Some databases do not support backward scrolling.
2596 
    If the $<b>to</b> position is after the EOF, $<b>to</b> will move to the
2597 
    end of the RecordSet for most databases. Some obscure databases using odbc
2598 
  might not behave this way.</font></p>
2599 
<p><font>Note: This function uses <i>absolute positioning</i>,
2600 
unlike Microsoft's ADO.</font></p>
2601 
<p><font>Returns true or false. If false, the internal cursor
2602 
    is not moved in most implementations, so AbsolutePosition( ) will return
2603 
  the last cursor position before the Move( ). </font></p>
2604 
<p><font><b>MoveFirst<a name="movefirst"></a>()</b></font></p>
2605 
<p><font>Internally calls Move(0). Note that some databases do
2606 
not support this function.</font></p>
2607 
<p><font><b>MoveLast<a name="movelast"></a>()</b></font></p>
2608 
<p><font>Internally calls Move(RecordCount()-1). Note that some
2609 
  databases do not support this function.</font></p>
2610 
<p><font><b>GetRowAssoc</b><a name="getrowassoc"></a>($toUpper=true)</font></p>
2611 
<p><font>Returns an associative array containing the current
2612 
    row. The keys to the array are the column names. The column names are upper-cased
2613 
  for easy access. To get the next row, you will still need to call MoveNext(). </font></p>
2614 
<p><font>For example:<br>
2615 
Array ( [ID] =&gt; 1 [FIRSTNAME] =&gt; Caroline [LASTNAME] =&gt; Miranda [CREATED]
2616 
=&gt; 2001-07-05 ) </font></p>
2617 
<p><font>Note: do not use GetRowAssoc() with $ADODB_FETCH_MODE
2618 
    = ADODB_FETCH_ASSOC. Because they have the same functionality, they will
2619 
  interfere with each other.</font></p>
2620 
<font>
2621 
</font><p><font><b>AbsolutePage<a name="absolutepage"></a>($page=-1) </b></font></p>
2622 
<p><font>Returns the current page. Requires PageExecute()/CachePageExecute() to be called.
2623 
  See <a href="#ex8">Example 8</a>.</font></p>
2624 
<font>
2625 
<p><b>AtFirstPage<a name="atfirstpage">($status='')</a></b></p>
2626 
<p>Returns true if at first page (1-based). Requires PageExecute()/CachePageExecute()
2627 
  to be called. See <a href="#ex8">Example 8</a>.</p>
2628 
<p><b>AtLastPage<a name="atlastpage">($status='')</a></b></p>
2629 
<p>Returns true if at last page (1-based). Requires PageExecute()/CachePageExecute()
2630 
  to be called. See <a href="#ex8">Example 8</a>.</p>
2631 
<p><b>Fields</b><a name="fields"></a>(<b>$colname</b>)</p>
2632 
<p>Returns the value of the associated column $<b>colname</b> for the current
2633 
  row. The column name is case-insensitive.</p>
2634 
<p>This is a convenience function. For higher performance, use <a href="#adodb_fetch_mode">$ADODB_FETCH_MODE</a>. </p>
2635 
<p><b>FetchRow</b><a name="fetchrow"></a>()</p>
2636 
</font><p><font>Returns array containing current row, or false
2637 
    if EOF. FetchRow( ) internally moves to the next record after returning the
2638 
    current row. </font></p>
2639 
<p><font>Warning: Do not mix using FetchRow() with MoveNext().</font></p>
2640 
<p><font>Usage:</font></p>
2641 
<pre><font>$rs = $db-&gt;Execute($sql);<br>if ($rs)<br>	while ($arr = $rs-&gt;FetchRow()) {<br>	   &nbsp;&nbsp;# process $arr	<br>	}</font></pre>
2642 
<p><font><b>FetchInto</b><a name="fetchinto"></a>(<b>&amp;$array</b>)</font></p>
2643 
<p><font> Sets $array to the current row. Returns PEAR_Error
2644 
    object if EOF, 1 if ok (DB_OK constant). If PEAR is undefined, false is returned
2645 
    when EOF. FetchInto( ) internally moves to the next record after returning
2646 
  the current row. </font></p>
2647 
<p><font> FetchRow() is easier to use. See above.</font></p>
2648 
<font> </font>
2649 
<p><font><b>FetchField<a name="fetchfield"></a>($column_number)</b></font></p>
2650 
<p><font>Returns an object containing the <b>name</b>, <b>type</b> and <b>max_length</b> of
2651 
    the associated field. If the max_length cannot be determined reliably, it
2652 
    will be set to -1. The column numbers are zero-based. See <a href="#ex2">example
2653 
  2.</a></font></p>
2654 
<p><font><b>FieldCount<a name="fieldcount"></a>( )</b></font></p>
2655 
<p><font>Returns the number of fields (columns) in the record
2656 
set.</font></p>
2657 
<p><font><b>RecordCount<a name="recordcount"></a>( )</b></font></p>
2658 
<p><font>Returns the number of rows in the record set. If the
2659 
    number of records returned cannot be determined from the database driver
2660 
    API, we will buffer all rows and return a count of the rows after all the
2661 
    records have been retrieved. This buffering can be disabled (for performance
2662 
    reasons) by setting the global variable $ADODB_COUNTRECS = false. When disabled,
2663 
    RecordCount( ) will return -1 for certain databases. See the supported databases
2664 
  list above for more details. </font></p>
2665 
<p><font> RowCount is a synonym for RecordCount.</font></p>
2666 
<p><font><b>PO_RecordCount<a name="po_recordcount"></a>($table,
2667 
$where)</b></font></p>
2668 
<p><font>Returns the number of rows in the record set. If the
2669 
    database does not support this, it will perform a SELECT COUNT(*) on the
2670 
    table $table, with the given $where condition to return an estimate of the
2671 
  recordset size.</font></p>
2672 
<p><font>$numrows = $rs-&gt;PO_RecordCount("articles_table", "group=$group");</font></p>
2673 
<font><b> NextRecordSet<a name="nextrecordset" id="nextrecordset"></a>()</b> </font>
2674 
<p><font>For databases that allow multiple recordsets to be returned
2675 
    in one query, this function allows you to switch to the next recordset. Currently
2676 
  only supported by mssql driver.</font></p>
2677 
<pre><font>$rs = $db-&gt;Execute('execute return_multiple_rs');<br>$arr1 = $rs-&gt;GetArray();<br>$rs-&gt;NextRecordSet();<br>$arr2 = $rs-&gt;GetArray();</font></pre>
2678 
<p><font><b>FetchObject<a name="fetchobject"></a>($toupper=true)</b></font></p>
2679 
<p><font>Returns the current row as an object. If you set $toupper
2680 
    to true, then the object fields are set to upper-case. Note: The newer FetchNextObject()
2681 
  is the recommended way of accessing rows as objects. See below.</font></p>
2682 
<p><font><b>FetchNextObject<a name="fetchnextobject"></a>($toupper=true)</b></font></p>
2683 
<p><font>Gets the current row as an object and moves to the next
2684 
    row automatically. Returns false if at end-of-file. If you set $toupper to
2685 
  true, then the object fields are set to upper-case.</font></p>
2686 
<pre><font>$rs = $db-&gt;Execute('select firstname,lastname from table');<br>if ($rs) {<br>	while ($o = $rs-&gt;FetchNextObject()) {<br>		print "$o-&gt;FIRSTNAME, $o-&gt;LASTNAME&lt;BR&gt;";<br>	}<br>}<br></font></pre>
2687 
<p><font>There is some trade-off in speed in using FetchNextObject().
2688 
If performance is important, you should access rows with the <code>fields[]</code> array. <b>FetchObj<a name="fetchobj" id="fetchobj"></a>()</b> </font></p>
2689 
<p><font>Returns the current record as an object. Fields are
2690 
    not upper-cased, unlike FetchObject.
2691 
</font></p>
2692 
<p><font><b>FetchNextObj<a name="fetchnextobj" id="fetchnextobj"></a>()</b> </font></p>
2693 
<p><font>Returns the current record as an object and moves to
2694 
    the next record. If EOF, false is returned. Fields are not upper-cased, unlike
2695 
  FetctNextObject. </font></p>
2696 
<font>
2697 
<p><b>CurrentRow<a name="currentrow"></a>( )</b></p>
2698 
<p>Returns the current row of the record set. 0 is the first row.</p>
2699 
<p><b>AbsolutePosition<a name="abspos"></a>( )</b></p>
2700 
<p>Synonym for <b>CurrentRow</b> for compatibility with ADO. Returns the current
2701 
  row of the record set. 0 is the first row.</p>
2702 
<p><b>MetaType<a name="metatype"></a>($nativeDBType[,$field_max_length],[$fieldobj])</b></p>
2703 
<p>Determine what <i>generic</i> meta type a database field type is given its
2704 
  native type $<b>nativeDBType</b> as a string and the length of the field $<b>field_max_length</b>.
2705 
  Note that field_max_length can be -1 if it is not known. The field object returned
2706 
  by FetchField() can be passed in $<b>fieldobj</b> or as the 1st parameter <b>$nativeDBType</b>.
2707 
  This is useful for databases such as <i>mysql</i> which has additional properties
2708 
  in the field object such as <i>primary_key</i>. </p>
2709 
<p>Uses the field <b>blobSize</b> and compares it with $<b>field_max_length</b> to
2710 
  determine whether the character field is actually a blob.</p>
2711 
For example, $db-&gt;MetaType('char') will return 'C'.
2712 
<p>Returns:</p>
2713 
<ul>
2714 
  <li><b>C</b>: Character fields that should be shown in a &lt;input type="text"&gt; tag. </li>
2715 
  <li><b>X</b>: Clob (character large objects), or large text fields that should
2716 
    be shown in a &lt;textarea&gt;</li>
2717 
  <li><b>D</b>: Date field</li>
2718 
  <li><b>T</b>: Timestamp field</li>
2719 
  <li><b>L</b>: Logical field (boolean or bit-field)</li>
2720 
  <li><b>N</b>: Numeric field. Includes decimal, numeric, floating point, and
2721 
    real. </li>
2722 
  <li><b>I</b>:&nbsp; Integer field. </li>
2723 
  <li><b>R</b>: Counter or Autoincrement field. Must be numeric.</li>
2724 
  <li><b>B</b>: Blob, or binary large objects. </li>
2725 
</ul>
2726 
</font><p><font> Since ADOdb 3.0, MetaType accepts $fieldobj
2727 
    as the first parameter, instead of $nativeDBType. </font></p>
2728 
<font> </font>
2729 
<p><font><b>Close( )<a name="rsclose"></a></b></font></p>
2730 
<p><font>Closes the recordset, cleaning all memory and resources
2731 
associated with the recordset. </font></p>
2732 
<p>
2733 
<font>If memory management is not an issue, you do not need to
2734 
call this function as recordsets are closed for you by PHP at the end of the
2735 
script. SQL statements such as INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE do not really return a recordset,
2736 
so you do not have to call Close() for such SQL statements.</font></p>
2737 
<hr />
2738 
<h3><font>function rs2html<a name="rs2html"></a>($adorecordset,[$tableheader_attributes],
2739 
  [$col_titles])</font></h3>
2740 
<p><font>This is a standalone function (rs2html = recordset to
2741 
    html) that is similar to PHP's <i>odbc_result_all</i> function, it prints
2742 
    a ADORecordSet, $<b>adorecordset</b> as a HTML table. $<b>tableheader_attributes</b> allow
2743 
    you to control the table <i>cellpadding</i>, <i>cellspacing</i> and <i>border</i> attributes.
2744 
    Lastly you can replace the database column names with your own column titles
2745 
    with the array $<b>col_titles</b>. This is designed more as a quick debugging
2746 
  mechanism, not a production table recordset viewer.</font></p>
2747 
<p><font>You will need to include the file <i>tohtml.inc.php</i>.</font></p>
2748 
<p><font>Example of rs2html:<b><font color="#336600"><a name="exrs2html"></a></font></b></font></p>
2749 
<pre><font><b><font color="#336600">&lt;?<br>include('tohtml.inc.php')</font></b>; # load code common to ADOdb <br><b>include</b>('adodb.inc.php'); # load code common to ADOdb <br>$<font color="#663300">conn</font> = &amp;ADONewConnection('mysql');   # create a connection <br>$<font color="#663300">conn</font>-&gt;PConnect('localhost','userid','','agora');# connect to MySQL, agora db<br>$<font color="#663300">sql</font> = 'select CustomerName, CustomerID from customers'; <br>$<font color="#663300">rs</font>   = $<font color="#663300">conn</font>-&gt;Execute($sql); <br><font color="#336600"><b>rs2html</b></font><b>($<font color="#663300">rs</font>,'<i>border=2 cellpadding=3</i>',array('<i>Customer Name','Customer ID</i>'));<br>?&gt;</b></font></pre>
2750 
<hr />
2751 
<h3><font>Differences between this ADOdb library and Microsoft
2752 
ADO<a name="adodiff"></a></font></h3>
2753 
<ol>
2754 
<font>
2755 
<li>ADOdb only supports recordsets created by a connection object. Recordsets
2756 
  cannot be created independently.</li>
2757 
<li>ADO properties are implemented as functions in ADOdb. This makes it easier
2758 
  to implement any enhanced ADO functionality in the future.</li>
2759 
<li>ADOdb's <font face="Courier New, Courier, mono">ADORecordSet-&gt;Move()</font> uses
2760 
  absolute positioning, not relative. Bookmarks are not supported.</li>
2761 
<li><font face="Courier New, Courier, mono">ADORecordSet-&gt;AbsolutePosition() </font>cannot
2762 
  be used to move the record cursor.</li>
2763 
<li>ADO Parameter objects are not supported. Instead we have the ADOConnection::<a href="#parameter">Parameter</a>(
2764 
  ) function, which provides a simpler interface for calling preparing parameters
2765 
  and calling stored procedures.</li>
2766 
<li>Recordset properties for paging records are available, but implemented as
2767 
  in <a href="#ex8">Example 8</a>.</li>
2768 
</font></ol>
2769 
<hr />
2770 
<h1><font>Database Driver Guide<a name="driverguide"></a></font></h1>
2771 
<p><font>This describes how to create a class to connect to a
2772 
    new database. To ensure there is no duplication of work, kindly email me
2773 
  at jlim#natsoft.com.my if you decide to create such a class.</font></p>
2774 
<p><font>First decide on a name in lower case to call the database
2775 
  type. Let's say we call it xbase. </font></p>
2776 
<p><font>Then we need to create two classes ADODB_xbase and ADORecordSet_xbase
2777 
  in the file adodb-xbase.inc.php.</font></p>
2778 
<p><font>The simplest form of database driver is an adaptation
2779 
    of an existing ODBC driver. Then we just need to create the class <i>ADODB_xbase
2780 
    extends ADODB_odbc</i> to support the new <b>date</b> and <b>timestamp</b> formats,
2781 
    the <b>concatenation</b> operator used, <b>true</b> and <b>false</b>. For
2782 
    the<i> ADORecordSet_xbase extends ADORecordSet_odbc </i>we need to change
2783 
  the <b>MetaType</b> function. See<b> adodb-vfp.inc.php</b> as an example.</font></p>
2784 
<p><font>More complicated is a totally new database driver that
2785 
    connects to a new PHP extension. Then you will need to implement several
2786 
    functions. Fortunately, you do not have to modify most of the complex code.
2787 
    You only need to override a few stub functions. See <b>adodb-mysql.inc.php</b> for
2788 
  example.</font></p>
2789 
<p><font>The default date format of ADOdb internally is YYYY-MM-DD
2790 
    (Ansi-92). All dates should be converted to that format when passing to an
2791 
    ADOdb date function. See Oracle for an example how we use ALTER SESSION to
2792 
  change the default date format in _pconnect _connect.</font></p>
2793 
<p><font><b>ADOConnection Functions to Override</b></font></p>
2794 
<p><font>Defining a constructor for your ADOConnection derived
2795 
  function is optional. There is no need to call the base class constructor.</font></p>
2796 
<p><font>_<b>connect</b>: Low level implementation of Connect.
2797 
  Returns true or false. Should set the _<b>connectionID</b>.</font></p>
2798 
<p><font>_<b>pconnect:</b> Low level implemention of PConnect.
2799 
  Returns true or false. Should set the _<b>connectionID</b>.</font></p>
2800 
<p><font>_<b>query</b>: Execute a query. Returns the queryID,
2801 
or false.</font></p>
2802 
<p><font>_<b>close: </b>Close the connection -- PHP should clean
2803 
up all recordsets. </font></p>
2804 
<p><font><b>ErrorMsg</b>: Stores the error message in the private
2805 
variable _errorMsg. </font></p>
2806 
<p><font><b>ADOConnection Fields to Set</b></font></p>
2807 
<p><font>_<b>bindInputArray</b>: Set to true if binding of parameters
2808 
  for SQL inserts and updates is allowed using ?, eg. as with ODBC.</font></p>
2809 
<p><font><b>fmtDate</b></font></p>
2810 
<p><font><b>fmtTimeStamp</b></font></p>
2811 
<p><font><b>true</b></font></p>
2812 
<p><font><b>false</b></font></p>
2813 
<p><font><b>concat_operator</b></font></p>
2814 
<p><font><b>replaceQuote</b></font></p>
2815 
<p><font><b>hasLimit</b> support SELECT * FROM TABLE LIMIT 10
2816 
of MySQL.</font></p>
2817 
<p><font><b>hasTop</b> support Microsoft style SELECT TOP 10
2818 
* FROM TABLE.</font></p>
2819 
<p><font><b>ADORecordSet Functions to Override</b></font></p>
2820 
<p><font>You will need to define a constructor for your ADORecordSet
2821 
  derived class that calls the parent class constructor.</font></p>
2822 
<p><font><b>FetchField: </b> as documented above in ADORecordSet</font></p>
2823 
<p><font>_<b>initrs</b>: low level initialization of the recordset:
2824 
    setup the _<b>numOfRows</b> and _<b>numOfFields</b> fields -- called by the
2825 
  constructor.</font></p>
2826 
<p><font>_<b>seek</b>: seek to a particular row. Do not load
2827 
    the data into the fields array. This is done by _fetch. Returns true or false.
2828 
    Note that some implementations such as Interbase do not support seek. Set
2829 
  canSeek to false.</font></p>
2830 
<p><font>_<b>fetch</b>: fetch a row using the database extension
2831 
    function and then move to the next row. Sets the <b>fields</b> array. If
2832 
    the parameter $ignore_fields is true then there is no need to populate the <b>fields</b> array,
2833 
  just move to the next row. then Returns true or false.</font></p>
2834 
<p><font>_<b>close</b>: close the recordset</font></p>
2835 
<p><font><b>Fields</b>: If the array row returned by the PHP
2836 
    extension is not an associative one, you will have to override this. See
2837 
    adodb-odbc.inc.php for an example. For databases such as MySQL and MSSQL
2838 
    where an associative array is returned, there is no need to override this
2839 
  function.</font></p>
2840 
<p><font><b>ADOConnection Fields to Set</b></font></p>
2841 
<p><font>canSeek: Set to true if the _seek function works.</font></p>
2842 
<h2><font>Optimizing PHP</font></h2>
2843 
    For info on tuning PHP, read this article on <a href="http://phplens.com/lens/php-book/optimizing-debugging-php.php">Optimizing
2844 
  PHP</a>. </font></p>
2845 
 
2846 
<h2><font>Change Log<a name="Changes"></a><a name="changes"></a><a name="changelog"></a></font></h2>
2847 
<P>
2848 
<p><a name="4.80"></a><b>4.80 8 Mar 2006</b>
2849 
<p>Added activerecord support.
2850 
<p>Added mysql $conn->compat323 = true if you want MySQL 3.23 compat enabled. Fixes GetOne() Select-Limit problems.
2851 
<p>Added adodb-xmlschema03.inc.php to support XML Schema version 3 and updated adodb-datadict.htm docs.
2852 
<p><a name="4.72"></a><b>4.72 21 Feb 2006</b>
2853 
<p>Added 'new' DSN parameter for NConnect().
2854 
<p>Pager now sanitizes $PHP_SELF to protect against XSS. Thx to James Bercegay and others.
2855 
<p>ADOConnection::MetaType changed to setup $rs->connection correctly.
2856 
<p>New native DB2 driver contributed by Larry Menard, Dan Scott, Andy Staudacher, Bharat Mediratta.
2857 
<p>The mssql CreateSequence() did not BEGIN TRANSACTION correctly. Fixed. Thx Sean Lee.
2858 
<p>The _adodb_countrecs() function in adodb-lib.inc.php has been revised to handle more ORDER BY variations.
2859 
<p><a name="4.71"></a><b>4.71 24 Jan 2006</b>
2860 
<p>Fixes postgresql security issue related to binary strings. Thx to Andy Staudacher.
2861 
<p>Several DSN bugs found:
2862 
<p>1. Fix bugs in DSN connections introduced in 4.70 when underscores are found in the DSN.
2863 
<p>2. DSN with _ did not work properly in PHP5 (fine in PHP4). Fixed.
2864 
<p>3. Added support for PDO DSN connections in NewADOConnection(), and database parameter in PDO::Connect().
2865 
<p>The oci8 datetime flag not correctly implemented in ADORecordSet_array. Fixed.
2866 
<p>Added BlobDelete() to postgres, as a counterpoint to UpdateBlobFile().
2867 
<p>Fixed GetInsertSQL() to support oci8po.
2868 
<p>Fixed qstr() issue with postgresql with \0 in strings.
2869 
<p>Fixed some datadict driver loading issues in _adodb_getdriver().
2870 
<p>Added register shutdown function session_write_close in adodb-session.inc.php for PHP 5 compat. See http://phplens.com/lens/lensforum/msgs.php?id=14200.
2871 
<p><a name="4.70"></a><b>4.70 6 Jan 2006</b>
2872 
<p>Many fixes from Danila Ulyanov  to ibase, oci8, postgres, mssql, odbc_oracle, odbtp, etc drivers.
2873 
<p>Changed usage of binary hint in adodb-session.inc.php for mysql. See
2874 
http://phplens.com/lens/lensforum/msgs.php?id=14160
2875 
<p>Fixed invalid variable reference problem in undomq(), adodb-perf.inc.php.
2876 
<p>Fixed http://phplens.com/lens/lensforum/msgs.php?id=14254 in adodb-perf.inc.php, _DBParameter() settings of fetchmode was wrong.
2877 
<p>Fixed security issues in server.php and tmssql.php discussed by Andreas Sandblad in a Secunia security advisory. Added $ACCEPTIP = 127.0.0.1
2878 
and changed suggested root password to something more secure.
2879 
<p>Changed pager to close recordset after RenderLayout().
2880 
<p><a name="4.68"></a><b>4.68 25 Nov  2005</b>
2881 
<p>PHP 5 compat for mysqli. MetaForeignKeys repeated twice and MYSQLI_BINARY_FLAG missing.
2882 
<p>PHP 5.1 support for postgresql bind parameters using ? did not work if >= 10 parameters. Fixed. Thx to Stanislav Shramko.
2883 
<p>Lots of PDO improvements.
2884 
<p>Spelling error fixed in mysql MetaForeignKeys, $associative parameter.
2885 
<p><a name="4.67"></a><b>4.67 16 Nov  2005</b>
2886 
<p>Postgresql not_null flag not set to false correctly. Thx Cristian MARIN.
2887 
<p>We now check in Replace() if key is in fieldArray. Thx Sébastien Vanvelthem.
2888 
<p>_file_get_contents() function was missing in xmlschema. fixed.
2889 
<p>Added week in year support to SQLDate(), using 'W' flag. Thx Spider.
2890 
<p>In sqlite metacolumns was repeated twice, causing PHP 5 problems. Fixed.
2891 
<p>Made debug output XHTML compliant.
2892 
<p><a name="4.66"></a><b>4.66 28 Sept  2005</b>
2893 
<p>ExecuteCursor() in oci8 did not clean up properly on failure. Fixed.
2894 
<p>Updated xmlschema.dtd, by "Alec Smecher" asmecher#smecher.bc.ca
2895 
<p>Hardened SelectLimit, typecasting nrows and offset to integer.
2896 
<p>Fixed misc bugs in AutoExecute() and GetInsertSQL().
2897 
<p>Added $conn->database as the property holding the database name. The older $conn->databaseName is retained for backward
2898 
compat.
2899 
<p>Changed _adodb_backtrace() compat check to use function_exists().
2900 
<p>Bug in postgresql MetaIndexes fixed. Thx Kevin Jamieson.
2901 
<p>Improved OffsetDate for MySQL, reducing rounding error.
2902 
<p>Metacolumns added to sqlite. Thx Mark Newnham.
2903 
<p>PHP 4.4 compat fixes for GetAssoc().
2904 
<p>Added postgresql bind support for php 5.1. Thx Cristiano da Cunha Duarte
2905 
<p>OffsetDate() fixes for postgresql, typecasting strings to date or timestamp.
2906 
<p>DBTimeStamp formats for mssql, odbc_mssql and postgresql made to conform with other db's.
2907 
<p>Changed PDO constants from PDO_ to PDO:: to support latest spec.
2908 
<p><a name="4.65"></a><b>4.65 22 July  2005</b>
2909 
<p>Reverted 'X' in mssql datadict to 'TEXT' to be compat with mssql driver. However now you can
2910 
set $datadict->typeX = 'varchar(4000)' or 'TEXT' or 'CLOB' for mssql and oci8 drivers.
2911 
<p>Added charset support when using DSN for Oracle.
2912 
<p>_adodb_getmenu did not use fieldcount() to get number of fields. Fixed.
2913 
<p>MetaForeignKeys() for mysql/mysqli contributed by Juan Carlos Gonzalez.
2914 
<p>MetaDatabases() now correctly returns an array for mysqli driver. Thx Cristian MARIN.
2915 
<p>CompleteTrans(false) did not return false. Fixed. Thx to JMF.
2916 
<p>AutoExecute() did not work with Oracle. Fixed. Thx José Moreira.
2917 
<p>MetaType() added to connection object.
2918 
<p>More PHP 4.4 reference return fixes. Thx Ryan C Bonham and others.
2919 
 
2920 
<p><a name="4.64"></a><b>4.64 20 June 2005</b>
2921 
<p>In datadict, if the default field value is set to '', then it is not applied when the field is created. Fixed by Eugenio.
2922 
<p>MetaPrimaryKeys for postgres did not work because of true/false change in 4.63. Fixed.
2923 
<p>Tested ocifetchstatement in oci8. Rejected at the end.
2924 
<p>Added port to dsn handling. Supported in postgres, mysql, mysqli,ldap.
2925 
<p>Added  'w' and 'l' to mysqli SQLDate().
2926 
<p>Fixed error handling in ldap _connect() to be more consistent. Also added ErrorMsg() handling to ldap.
2927 
<p>Added support for union in _adodb_getcount, adodb-lib.inc.php for postgres and oci8.
2928 
<p>rs2html() did not work with null dates properly.
2929 
<p>PHP 4.4 reference return fixes.
2930 
 
2931 
<p><a name="4.63"></a><b>4.63  18 May 2005</b>
2932 
<p>Added $nrows<0 check to mysqli's SelectLimit().
2933 
<p>Added OptimizeTable() and OptimizeTables() in adodb-perf.inc.php. By Markus Staab.
2934 
<p>PostgreSQL inconsistencies fixed. true and false set to TRUE and FALSE, and boolean type in datadict-postgres.inc.php set
2935 
to 'L' => 'BOOLEAN'. Thx Kevin Jamieson.
2936 
<p>New adodb_session_create_table() function in adodb-session.inc.php. By Markus Staab.
2937 
<p>Added null check to UserTimeStamp().
2938 
<p>Fixed typo in mysqlt driver in adorecordset. Thx to Andy Staudacher.
2939 
<p>GenID() had a bug in the raiseErrorFn handling. Fixed. Thx Marcos Pont.
2940 
<p>Datadict name quoting now handles ( ) in index fields correctly - they aren't part of the index field.
2941 
<p>Performance monitoring: (1) oci8 Ixora checks moved down; (2) expensive sql changed so that only those sql with
2942 
count(*)>1 are shown; (3) changed sql1 field to a length+crc32 checksum - this breaks backward compat.
2943 
<p>We remap firebird15 to firebird in data dictionary.
2944 
 
2945 
<p><a name="4.62"></a><b>4.62  2 Apr 2005</b>
2946 
<p>Added 'w' (dow as 0-6 or 1-7) and 'l' (dow as string) for SQLDate for oci8, postgres and mysql.
2947 
<p>Rolled back MetaType() changes for mysqli done in prev version.
2948 
<p>Datadict change by chris, cblin#tennaxia.com data mappings from:
2949 
<pre>
2950 
oci8:  X->varchar(4000) XL->CLOB
2951 
mssql: X->XL->TEXT
2952 
mysql: X->XL->LONGTEXT
2953 
fbird: X->XL->varchar(4000)
2954 
</pre>
2955 
<p>to:
2956 
<pre>
2957 
oci8:  X->varchar(4000) XL->CLOB
2958 
mssql: X->VARCHAR(4000) XL->TEXT
2959 
mysql: X->TEXT          XL->LONGTEXT
2960 
fbird: X->VARCHAR(4000) XL->VARCHAR(32000)
2961 
</pre>
2962 
<p>Added $connection->disableBlobs to postgresql to improve performance when no bytea is used (2-5% improvement).
2963 
<p>Removed all HTTP_* vars.
2964 
<p>Added $rs->tableName to be set before calling AutoExecute().
2965 
<p>Alex Rootoff rootoff#pisem.net contributed ukrainian language file.
2966 
<p>Added new mysql_option() support using $conn->optionFlags array.
2967 
<p>Added support for ldap_set_option() using the $LDAP_CONNECT_OPTIONS global variable. Contributed by Josh Eldridge.
2968 
<p>Added LDAP_* constant definitions to ldap.
2969 
<p>Added support for boolean bind variables. We use $conn->false and $conn->true to hold values to set false/true to.
2970 
<p>We now do not close the session connection in adodb-session.inc.php as other objects could be using this connection.
2971 
<p>We now strip off \0 at end of Ixora SQL strings in $perf->tohtml() for oci8.
2972 
<p><a name="4.61"></a><b>4.61 23 Feb 2005</b>
2973 
<p>MySQLi added support for mysqli_connect_errno() and mysqli_connect_error().
2974 
<p>Massive improvements to alpha PDO driver.
2975 
<p>Quote string bind parameters logged by performance monitor for easy type checking. Thx Jason Judge.
2976 
<p>Added support for $role when connecting with Interbase/firebird.
2977 
<p>Added support for enum recognition in MetaColumns() mysql and mysqli. Thx Amedeo Petrella.
2978 
<p>The sybase_ase driver contributed by Interakt Online. Thx Cristian Marin cristic#interaktonline.com.
2979 
<p>Removed not_null, has_default, and default_value from ADOFieldObject.
2980 
<p>Sessions code, fixed quoting of keys when handling LOBs in session write() function.
2981 
<p>Sessions code, added adodb_session_regenerate_id(), to reduce risk of session hijacking by changing session cookie dynamically. Thx Joe Li.
2982 
<p>Perf monitor, polling for CPU did not work for PHP 4.3.10 and 5.0.0-5.0.3 due to PHP bugs, so we special case these versions.
2983 
<p>Postgresql, UpdateBlob() added code to handle type==CLOB.
2984 
<p><a name="4.60"></a><b>4.60 24 Jan 2005</b>
2985 
<p>Implemented PEAR DB's autoExecute(). Simplified design because I don't like using constants when
2986 
strings work fine.
2987 
<p>_rs2serialize will now update $rs->sql and $rs->oldProvider.
2988 
<p>Added autoExecute().
2989 
<p>Added support for postgres8 driver. Currently just remapped to postgres7 driver.
2990 
<p>Changed oci8 _query(), so that OCIBindByName() sets the length to -1 if element size is > 4000. This provides better support
2991 
for LONGs.
2992 
<p>Added SetDateLocale() support for netherlands (Nl).
2993 
<p>Spelling error in pivot code ($iff should be $iif).
2994 
</p><p>mysql insert_id() did not work with mysql 3.x. Fixed.
2995 
</p><p>"\r\n" not converted to spaces correctly in exporting data. Fixed.
2996 
</p><p>_nconnect() in mysqli did not return value correctly. Fixed.
2997 
</p><p>Arne Eckmann contributed danish language file.
2998 
</p><p>Added clone() support to FetchObject() for PHP5.<br>
2999 
</p>
3000 
<p>Removed SQL_CUR_USE_ODBC from odbc_mssql.<br>
3001 
</p>
3002 
<p><a name="4.55"></a><b>4.55 5 Jan 2005</b>
3003 
</p><p>Found bug in Execute() with bind params for db's that do not support binding natively.
3004 
</p><p>DropSequence() now correctly uses default parameter.
3005 
</p><p>Now Execute() ignores locale for floats, so 1.23 is NEVER converted to 1,23.
3006 
</p><p>SetFetchMode() not properly saved in adodb-perf, suspicious sql and expensive sql. Fixed.
3007 
</p><p>Added INET to postgresql metatypes. Thx motzel.
3008 
</p><p>Allow oracle hints to work when counting with _adodb_getcount in adodb-lib.inc.php. Thx Chris Wrye.
3009 
</p><p>Changed mysql insert_id() to use SELECT LAST_INSERT_ID().
3010 
</p><p>If alter col in datadict does not modify col type/size of actual
3011 
col, then it is removed from alter col code. By Mark Newham. Not
3012 
perfect as MetaType() !== ActualType().
3013 
</p><p>Added handling of view fields in metacolumns() for postgresql. Thx Renato De Giovanni.
3014 
</p><p>Added to informix MetaPrimaryKeys and MetaColumns fixes for null bit. Thx to Cecilio Albero.
3015 
</p><p>Removed obsolete connection_timeout() from perf code.
3016 
</p><p>Added support for arrayClass in adodb-csv.inc.php.
3017 
</p><p>RSFilter now accepts methods of the form $array($obj, 'methodname'). Thx to blake#near-time.com.
3018 
</p><p>Changed CacheFlush to $cmd = 'rm -rf '.$ADODB_CACHE_DIR.'/[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]/';
3019 
</p><p>For better cursor concurrency, added code to free ref cursors in
3020 
oci8 when $rs-&gt;Close() is called. Note that CLose() is called
3021 
internally by the Get* functions too.
3022 
</p><p>Added IIF support for access when pivoting.  Thx Volodia Krupach.
3023 
</p><p>Added mssql datadict support for timestamp. Thx Alexios.
3024 
</p><p>Informix pager fix. By Mario Ramirez.
3025 
</p><p>ADODB_TABLE_REGEX now includes ':'. By Mario Ramirez.
3026 
</p><p>Mark Newnham contributed MetaIndexes for oci8 and db2.
3027 
</p><p><a name="4.54"></a><b>4.54 5 Nov 2004</b>
3028 
</p><p>
3029 
Now you can set $db-&gt;charSet = ?? before doing a Connect() in oci8.
3030 
</p><p>
3031 
Added adodbFetchMode to sqlite.
3032 
</p><p>
3033 
Perf code, added a string typecast to substr in adodb_log_sql().
3034 
</p><p>
3035 
Postgres: Changed BlobDecode() to use po_loread, added new $maxblobsize parameter, and now it returns the blob instead
3036 
of sending it to stdout - make sure to mention that as a compat warning.
3037 
Also added $db-&gt;IsOID($oid) function; uses a heuristic, not guaranteed to work 100%.
3038 
</p><p>
3039 
Contributed arabic language file by "El-Shamaa, Khaled" k.el-shamaa#cgiar.org
3040 
</p><p>
3041 
PHP5 exceptions did not handle @ protocol properly. Fixed.
3042 
</p><p>
3043 
Added ifnull handling for postgresql (using coalesce).
3044 
</p><p>
3045 
Added  metatables() support for Postgresql 8.0 (no longer uses pg_% dictionary tables).
3046 
</p><p>
3047 
Improved Sybase ErrorMsg() function. By Gaetano Giunta.
3048 
</p><p>
3049 
Improved oci8 SelectLimit() to use Prepare(). By Cristiano Duarte.
3050 
</p><p>
3051 
Type-cast $row parameter in ifx_fetch_row() to int. Thx stefan bodgan.
3052 
</p><p>Ralf becker contributed improvements in postgresql, sapdb, mysql data dictionary handling:<br>
3053 
- MySql and Postgres MetaType was reporting every int column which was
3054 
part of a primary key and unique as serial<br>
3055 
- Postgres was not reporting the scale of decimal types<br>
3056 
- MaxDB was padding the defaults of none-string types with spaces<br>
3057 
- MySql now correctly converts enum columns to varchar
3058 
</p><p>
3059 
Ralf also changed Postgresql datadict:<br>
3060 
- you cant add NOT NULL columns in postgres in one go, they need to be
3061 
added as NULL and then altered to NOT NULL<br>
3062 
- AlterColumnSQL could not change a varchar column with numbers into an
3063 
integer column, postgres need an explicit conversation<br>
3064 
- a re-created sequence was not set to the correct value, if the name
3065 
was the old name (no implicit sequence), now always the new name of the
3066 
implicit sequence is used<br>
3067 
</p><p>Sergio Strampelli added extra $intoken check to Lens_ParseArgs() in datadict code.
3068 
</p><p><a name="4.53"></a><b>4.53 28 Sept 2004</b>
3069 
</p><p>FetchMode cached in recordset is sometimes mapped to native db fetchMode. Normally this does not matter,
3070 
but when using cached recordsets, we need to switch back to using adodb fetchmode.  So we cache this
3071 
in $rs-&gt;adodbFetchMode if it differs from the db's fetchMode.
3072 
</p><p>For informix we now set canSeek = false driver because stefan bodgan tells me that seeking doesn't work.
3073 
</p><p>SetDateLocale() never worked till now ;-) Thx david#tomato.it
3074 
</p><p>Set $_bindInputArray = true in sapdb driver. Required for clob support.
3075 
</p><p>Fixed some PEAR::DB emulation issues with isError() and isWarning. Thx to Gert-Rainer Bitterlich.
3076 
</p><p>Empty() used in getupdatesql without strlen() check. Fixed.</p>
3077 
<p>Added unsigned detection to mysql and mysqli drivers. Thx to dan cech.
3078 
</p><p>Added hungarian language file. Thx to Hal&aacute;szv&aacute;ri G&aacute;bor.
3079 
</p><p>Improved fieldname-type formatting of datadict SQL generated (adding $widespacing parameter to _GenField).
3080 
</p><p>Datadict oci8 DROP CONSTRAINTS misspelt. Fixed. Thx Mark Newnham.
3081 
</p><p>Changed odbtp to dynamically change databaseType based on connection, eg. from 'odbtp' to 'odbtp_mssql' when connecting
3082 
to mssql database.
3083 
</p><p>In datadict, MySQL I4 was wrongly mapped to MEDIUMINT, which is actually I3. Fixed.
3084 
</p><p>Fixed mysqli MetaType() recognition. Mysqli returns numeric types unlike mysql extension. Thx Francesco Riosa.
3085 
</p><p>VFP odbc driver curmode set wrongly, causing problems with memo fields. Fixed.
3086 
</p><p>Odbc driver did not recognize odbc version 2 driver date types properly. Fixed. Thx Bostjan.
3087 
</p><p>ChangeTableSQL() fixes to datadict-db2.inc.php by Mark Newnham.
3088 
</p><p>Perf monitoring with odbc improved. Now we try in perf code to manually set the sysTimeStamp using date() if sysTimeStamp
3089 
is empty.
3090 
</p><p>All ADO errors are thrown as exceptions in PHP5.
3091 
So we added exception handling to ado in PHP5 by creating new adodb-ado5.inc.php driver.
3092 
</p><p>Added IsConnected(). Returns true if connection object connected. By Luca.Gioppo.
3093 
</p><p>"Ralf Becker"
3094 
RalfBecker#digitalROCK.de contributed new sapdb data-dictionary driver
3095 
and a large patch that implements field and table renaming for oracle,
3096 
mssql, postgresql, mysql and sapdb. See the new RenameTableSQL() and
3097 
RenameColumnSQL() functions.
3098 
</p><p>We now check ExecuteCursor to see if PrepareSP was initially called.
3099 
</p><p>Changed oci8 datadict to use MODIFY for $dd-&gt;alterCol. Thx Mark Newnham.
3100 
</p><p><a name="4.52"></a><b>4.52  10 Aug 2004</b>
3101 
</p><p>Bug found in Replace() when performance logging enabled, introduced in ADOdb 4.50. Fixed.
3102 
</p><p>Replace() checks update stmt. If update stmt fails, we now return immediately. Thx to alex.
3103 
</p><p>Added support for $ADODB_FORCE_TYPE in GetUpdateSQL/GetInsertSQL. Thx to niko.
3104 
</p><p>Added ADODB_ASSOC_CASE support to postgres/postgres7 driver.
3105 
</p><p>Support for DECLARE stmt in oci8. Thx Lochbrunner.
3106 
</p><p><a name="4.51"></a><b>4.51  29 July  2004</b>
3107 
</p><p>Added adodb-xmlschema 1.0.2. Thx dan and richard.
3108 
</p><p>Added new adorecordset_ext_* classes. If ADOdb extension installed for mysql, mysqlt and oci8
3109 
(but not oci8po),  we use the superfast ADOdb extension code for movenext.
3110 
</p><p>Added schema support to mssql and odbc_mssql MetaPrimaryKeys().
3111 
</p><p>Patched MSSQL driver to support PHP NULL and Boolean values
3112 
while binding the input array parameters in the _query() function. By Stephen Farmer.
3113 
</p><p>Added support for clob's for mssql,  UpdateBlob(). Thx to gfran#directa.com.br
3114 
</p><p>Added normalize support for postgresql (true=lowercase table name, or false=case-sensitive table names)
3115 
to MetaColumns($table, $normalize=true).
3116 
</p><p>PHP5 variant dates in ADO not working. Fixed in adodb-ado.inc.php.
3117 
</p><p>Constant ADODB_FORCE_NULLS was not working properly for many releases (for GetUpdateSQL). Fixed.
3118 
Also GetUpdateSQL strips off ORDER BY now - thx Elieser Le&atilde;o.
3119 
</p><p>Perf Monitor for oci8 now dynamically highlights optimizer_* params if too high/low.
3120 
</p><p>Added dsn support to NewADOConnection/ADONewConnection.
3121 
</p><p>Fixed out of page bounds bug in _adodb_pageexecute_all_rows() Thx to "Sergio Strampelli" sergio#rir.it
3122 
</p><p>Speedup of movenext for mysql and oci8 drivers.
3123 
</p><p>Moved debugging code _adodb_debug_execute() to adodb-lib.inc.php.
3124 
</p><p>Fixed postgresql bytea detection bug. See http://phplens.com/lens/lensforum/msgs.php?id=9849.
3125 
</p><p>Fixed ibase datetimestamp typo in PHP5. Thx stefan.
3126 
</p><p>Removed whitespace at end of odbtp drivers.
3127 
</p><p>Added db2 metaprimarykeys fix.
3128 
</p><p>Optimizations to MoveNext() for mysql and oci8. Misc speedups to Get* functions.
3129 
</p><p><a name="4.50"></a><b>4.50  6 July  2004</b>
3130 
</p><p>Bumped it to 4.50 to avoid confusion with PHP 4.3.x series.
3131 
</p><p>Added db2 metatables and metacolumns extensions.
3132 
</p><p>Added alpha PDO driver. Very buggy, only works with odbc.
3133 
</p><p>Tested mysqli. Set poorAffectedRows = true. Cleaned up movenext() and _fetch().
3134 
</p><p>PageExecute does not work properly with php5 (return val not a variable). Reported Dmytro Sychevsky sych#php.com.ua.  Fixed.
3135 
</p><p>MetaTables() for mysql, $showschema parameter was not backward compatible with older versions of adodb. Fixed.
3136 
</p><p>Changed mysql GetOne() to work with mysql 3.23 when using with non-select stmts (e.g. SHOW TABLES).
3137 
</p><p>Changed TRIG_ prefix to a variable in datadict-oci8.inc.php. Thx to Luca.Gioppo#csi.it.
3138 
</p><p>New to adodb-time code. We allow you to define your own daylights savings function,
3139 
adodb_daylight_sv for pre-1970 dates. If the function is defined
3140 
(somewhere in an include), then you can correct
3141 
for daylights savings. See http://phplens.com/phpeverywhere/node/view/16#daylightsavings
3142 
for more info.
3143 
</p><p>New sqlitepo driver. This is because assoc mode does not work like other drivers in sqlite.
3144 
   Namely, when selecting (joining) multiple tables, in assoc mode the table
3145 
   	  names are included in the assoc keys in the "sqlite" driver.
3146 
	  In "sqlitepo" driver, the table names are stripped from the returned column names.
3147 
	  When this results in a conflict,  the first field get preference.
3148 
	Contributed by Herman Kuiper  herman#ozuzo.net
3149 
</p><p>Added $forcenull parameter to GetInsertSQL/GetUpdateSQL. Idea by Marco Aurelio Silva.
3150 
</p><p>More XHTML changes for GetMenu. By Jeremy Evans.
3151 
</p><p>Fixes some ibase date issues. Thx to stefan bogdan.
3152 
</p><p>Improvements to mysqli driver to support $ADODB_COUNTRECS.
3153 
</p><p>Fixed adodb-csvlib.inc.php problem when reading stream from socket. We need to poll stream continiously.
3154 
</p><p><a name="4.23"></a><b>4.23  16 June   2004</b>
3155 
</p><p>
3156 
New interbase/firebird fixes thx to Lester Caine.
3157 
Driver fixes a problem with getting field names in the result array, and
3158 
corrects a couple of data conversions. Also we default to dialect3 for firebird.
3159 
Also ibase sysDate property was wrong. Changed to cast as timestamp.
3160 
</p><p>
3161 
The datadict driver is set up to give quoted tables and fields as this
3162 
was the only way round reserved words being used as field names in
3163 
TikiWiki. TikiPro is tidying that up, and I hope to be able to produce a
3164 
build of THAT which uses what I consider proper UPPERCASE field and
3165 
table names. The conversion of TikiWiki to ADOdb helped in that, but
3166 
until the database is completely tidied up in TikiPro ...
3167 
</p><p>Modified _gencachename() to include fetchmode in name hash.
3168 
This means you should clear your cache directory after installing this release as the
3169 
cache name algorithm has changed.
3170 
</p><p>Now Cache* functions work in safe
3171 
mode, because we do not create sub-directories in the $ADODB_CACHE_DIR
3172 
in safe mode. In non-safe mode we still create sub-directories. Done by
3173 
modifying _gencachename().
3174 
</p><p>Added $gmt parameter (true/false)
3175 
to UserDate and UserTimeStamp in connection class, to force conversion
3176 
of input (in local time) to be converted to UTC/GMT.
3177 
</p><p>Mssql datadict did not support INT types properly (no size param allowed).
3178 
Added _GetSize() to datadict-mssql.inc.php.
3179 
</p><p>For borland_ibase, BeginTrans(), changed:<br>
3180 
</p><pre>   $this-&gt;_transactionID = $this-&gt;_connectionID;</pre>
3181 
to<br>
3182 
<pre>   $this-&gt;_transactionID = ibase_trans($this-&gt;ibasetrans, $this-&gt;_connectionID);</pre>
3183 
 
3184 
<p>Fixed typo in mysqi_field_seek(). Thx to Sh4dow (sh4dow#php.pl).
3185 
</p><p>LogSQL did not work with Firebird/Interbase. Fixed.
3186 
</p><p>Postgres: made errorno() handling more consistent. Thx to Michael Jahn, Michael.Jahn#mailbox.tu-dresden.de.
3187 
</p><p>Added informix patch to better support metatables, metacolumns by "Cecilio Albero" c-albero#eos-i.com
3188 
</p><p>Cyril Malevanov contributed patch to oci8 to support passing of LOB parameters:
3189 
</p><pre>	$text = 'test test test';<br>	$sql = "declare rs clob; begin :rs := lobinout(:sa0); end;";<br>	$stmt = $conn -&gt; PrepareSP($sql);<br>	$conn -&gt; InParameter($stmt,$text,'sa0', -1, OCI_B_CLOB);<br>	$rs = '';<br>	$conn -&gt; OutParameter($stmt,$rs,'rs', -1, OCI_B_CLOB);<br>	$conn -&gt; Execute($stmt);<br>	echo "return = ".$rs."&lt;br&gt;";<br></pre>
3190 
As he says, the LOBs limitations are:
3191 
<pre> - use OCINewDescriptor before binding<br> - if Param is IN, uses save() before each execute. This is done automatically for you.<br> - if Param is OUT, uses load() after each execute. This is done automatically for you.<br> - when we bind $var as LOB, we create new descriptor and return it as a<br>   Bind Result, so if we want to use OUT parameters, we have to store<br>   somewhere &amp;$var to load() data from LOB to it.<br> - IN OUT params are not working now (should not be a big problem to fix it)<br> - now mass binding not working too (I've wrote about it before)<br></pre>
3192 
<p>Simplified Connect() and PConnect() error handling.
3193 
</p><p>When extension not loaded, Connect() and PConnect() will return null. On connect error, the fns will return false.
3194 
</p><p>CacheGetArray() added to code.
3195 
</p><p>Added Init() to adorecordset_empty().
3196 
</p><p>Changed postgres64 driver, MetaColumns() to not strip off quotes in default value if :: detected (type-casting of default).
3197 
</p><p>Added test: if (!defined('ADODB_DIR')) die(). Useful to prevent hackers from detecting file paths.
3198 
</p><p>Changed metaTablesSQL to ignore Postgres 7.4 information schemas (sql_*).
3199 
</p><p>New polish language file by  Grzegorz Pacan
3200 
</p><p>Added support for UNION in _adodb_getcount().
3201 
</p><p>Added security check for ADODB_DIR to limit path disclosure issues. Requested by postnuke team.
3202 
</p><p>Added better error message support to oracle driver. Thx to Gaetano Giunta.
3203 
</p><p>Added showSchema support to mysql.
3204 
</p><p>Bind in oci8 did not handle $name=false properly. Fixed.
3205 
</p><p>If extension not loaded, Connect(), PConnect(), NConnect() will return null.
3206 
</p><p><b>4.22  15 Apr   2004</b>
3207 
</p><p>Moved docs to own adodb/docs folder.
3208 
</p><p>Fixed session bug when quoting compressed/encrypted data in Replace().
3209 
</p><p>Netezza Driver and LDAP drivers contributed by Josh Eldridge.
3210 
</p><p>GetMenu now uses rtrim() on values instead of trim().
3211 
</p><p>Changed MetaColumnNames to return an associative array, keys being the field names in uppercase.
3212 
</p><p>Suggested fix to adodb-ado.inc.php affected_rows to support PHP5 variants. Thx to Alexios Fakos.
3213 
</p><p>Contributed bulgarian language file by Valentin Sheiretsky valio#valio.eu.org.
3214 
</p><p>Contributed romanian language file by stefan bogdan.
3215 
</p><p>GetInsertSQL now checks for table name (string) in $rs, and will create a recordset for that
3216 
table automatically. Contributed by Walt Boring. Also added OCI_B_BLOB in bind on Walt's request - hope
3217 
it doesn't break anything :-)
3218 
</p><p>Some minor postgres speedups in _initrs().
3219 
</p><p> ChangeTableSQL checks now if MetaColumns returns empty. Thx Jason Judge.
3220 
</p><p>Added ADOConnection::Time(), returns current database time in unix timestamp format, or false.
3221 
</p><p><b>4.21 20 Mar 2004</b>
3222 
</p><p>We no longer in SelectLimit for VFP driver add SELECT TOP X unless an ORDER BY exists.
3223 
</p><p>Pim Koeman contributed dutch language file adodb-nl.inc.php.
3224 
</p><p>Rick Hickerson added CLOB support to db2 datadict.
3225 
</p><p>Added odbtp driver. Thx to "stefan bogdan" sbogdan#rsb.ro.
3226 
</p><p>Changed PrepareSP() 2nd parameter, $cursor, to default to true (formerly false). Fixes oci8 backward
3227 
compat problems with OUT params.
3228 
</p><p>Fixed month calculation error in adodb-time.inc.php. 2102-June-01 appeared as 2102-May-32.
3229 
</p><p>Updated PHP5 RC1 iterator support. API changed, hasMore() renamed to valid().
3230 
</p><p>Changed internal format of serialized cache recordsets. As we store a version number, this should be
3231 
backward compatible.
3232 
</p><p>Error handling when driver file not found was flawed in ADOLoadCode(). Fixed.
3233 
</p><p><b>4.20 27 Feb 2004</b>
3234 
</p><p>Updated to AXMLS 1.01.
3235 
</p><p>MetaForeignKeys for postgres7 modified by Edward Jaramilla, works on pg 7.4.
3236 
</p><p>Now numbers accepts function calls or sequences for GetInsertSQL/GetUpdateSQL numeric fields.
3237 
</p><p>Changed quotes of 'delete from $perf_table' to "". Thx Kehui (webmaster#kehui.net)
3238 
</p><p>Added ServerInfo() for ifx, and putenv trim fix. Thx Fernando Ortiz.
3239 
</p><p>Added addq(), which is analogous to addslashes().
3240 
</p><p>Tested with php5b4. Fix some php5 compat problems with exceptions and sybase.
3241 
</p><p>Carl-Christian Salvesen added patch to mssql _query to support binds greater than 4000 chars.
3242 
</p><p>Mike suggested patch to PHP5 exception handler. $errno must be numeric.
3243 
</p><p>Added double quotes (") to ADODB_TABLE_REGEX.
3244 
</p><p>For oci8, Prepare(...,$cursor),
3245 
$cursor's meaning was accidentally inverted in 4.11. This causes
3246 
problems with ExecuteCursor() too, which calls Prepare() internally.
3247 
Thx to William Lovaton.
3248 
</p><p>Now dateHasTime property in connection object renamed to datetime for consistency. This could break bc.
3249 
</p><p>Csongor Halmai reports that db2 SelectLimit with input array is not working. Fixed..
3250 
</p><p><b>4.11 27 Jan 2004</b>
3251 
</p><p>Csongor Halmai reports db2 binding not working. Reverted back to emulated binding.
3252 
</p><p>Dan Cech modifies datadict code. Adds support for DropIndex. Minor cleanups.
3253 
</p><p>Table misspelt in perf-oci8.inc.php. Changed v$conn_cache_advice to v$db_cache_advice. Reported by Steve W.
3254 
</p><p>UserTimeStamp and DBTimeStamp did not handle YYYYMMDDHHMMSS format properly. Reported by Mike Muir. Fixed.
3255 
</p><p>Changed oci8 Prepare(). Does not auto-allocate OCINewCursor automatically, unless 2nd param is set to true.
3256 
This will break backward compat, if Prepare/Execute is used instead of ExecuteCursor. Reported by Chris Jones.
3257 
</p><p>Added InParameter() and OutParameter(). Wrapper functions to Parameter(), but nicer because they
3258 
are self-documenting.
3259 
</p><p>Added 'R' handling in ActualType() to datadict-mysql.inc.php
3260 
</p><p>Added ADOConnection::SerializableRS($rs). Returns a recordset that can be serialized in a session.
3261 
</p><p>Added "Run SQL" to performance UI().
3262 
</p><p>Misc spelling corrections in adodb-mysqli.inc.php, adodb-oci8.inc.php and datadict-oci8.inc.php, from Heinz Hombergs.
3263 
</p><p>MetaIndexes() for ibase contributed by Heinz Hombergs.
3264 
</p><p><b>4.10 12 Jan 2004</b>
3265 
</p><p>Dan Cech contributed extensive changes to data dictionary to support name quoting (with `), and drop table/index.
3266 
</p><p>Informix added cursorType property. Default remains IFX_SCROLL, but you can change to 0 (non-scrollable cursor) for performance.
3267 
</p><p>Added ADODB_View_PrimaryKeys() for returning view primary keys to MetaPrimaryKeys().
3268 
</p><p>Simplified chinese file, adodb-cn.inc.php from cysoft.
3269 
</p><p>Added check for ctype_alnum in adodb-datadict.inc.php. Thx to Jason Judge.
3270 
</p><p>Added connection parameter to ibase Prepare(). Fix by Daniel Hassan.
3271 
</p><p>Added nameQuote for quoting identifiers and names to connection obj. Requested by Jason Judge. Also the
3272 
data dictionary parser now detects `field name` and generates column names with spaces correctly.
3273 
</p><p>BOOL type not recognised correctly as L. Fixed.
3274 
</p><p>Fixed paths in ADODB_DIR for session files, and back-ported it to 4.05 (15 Dec 2003)
3275 
</p><p>Added Schema to postgresql MetaTables. Thx to col#gear.hu
3276 
</p><p>Empty postgresql recordsets that had blob fields did not set EOF properly. Fixed.
3277 
</p><p>CacheSelectLimit internal parameters to SelectLimit were wrong. Thx to Nio.
3278 
</p><p>Modified adodb_pr() and adodb_backtrace() to support command-line usage (eg. no html).
3279 
</p><p>Fixed some fr and it lang errors. Thx to Gaetano G.
3280 
</p><p>Added contrib directory, with adodb rs to xmlrpc convertor by Gaetano G.
3281 
</p><p>Fixed array recordset bugs when _skiprow1 is true. Thx to Gaetano G.
3282 
</p><p>Fixed pivot table code when count is false.
3283 
</p><p>
3284 
 
3285 
</p><p><b>4.05 13 Dec 2003 </b>
3286 
</p><p>Added MetaIndexes to data-dict code - thx to Dan Cech.
3287 
</p><p>Rewritten session code by Ross Smith. Moved code to adodb/session directory.
3288 
</p><p>Added function exists check on connecting to most drivers, so we don't crash with the unknown function error.
3289 
</p><p>Smart Transactions failed with GenID() when it no seq table has been created because the sql
3290 
	statement fails. Fix by Mark Newnham.
3291 
</p><p>Added $db-&gt;length, which holds name of function that returns strlen.
3292 
</p><p>Fixed error handling for bad driver in ADONewConnection - passed too few params to error-handler.
3293 
</p><p>Datadict did not handle types like 16.0 properly in _GetSize. Fixed.
3294 
</p><p>Oci8 driver SelectLimit() bug &amp;= instead of =&amp; used. Thx to Swen Th&uuml;mmler.
3295 
</p><p>Jesse Mullan suggested not flushing outp when output buffering enabled. Due to Apache 2.0 bug. Added.
3296 
</p><p>MetaTables/MetaColumns return ref bug with PHP5 fixed in adodb-datadict.inc.php.
3297 
</p><p>New mysqli driver contributed by Arjen de Rijke. Based on adodb 3.40 driver.
3298 
Then jlim added BeginTrans, CommitTrans, RollbackTrans, IfNull, SQLDate. Also fixed return ref bug.
3299 
</p><p>$ADODB_FLUSH added, if true then force flush in debugging outp. Default is false.  In earlier
3300 
versions, outp defaulted to flush, which is not compat with apache 2.0.
3301 
</p><p>Mysql driver's GenID() function did not work when when sql logging is on. Fixed.
3302 
</p><p>$ADODB_SESSION_TBL not declared as global var. Not available if adodb-session.inc.php included in function. Fixed.
3303 
</p><p>The input array not passed to Execute() in _adodb_getcount(). Fixed.
3304 
</p><p><b>4.04 13 Nov 2003 </b>
3305 
</p><p>Switched back to foreach - faster than list-each.
3306 
</p><p>Fixed bug in ado driver - wiping out $this-&gt;fields with date fields.
3307 
</p><p>Performance Monitor, View SQL, Explain Plan did not work if strlen($SQL)&gt;max($_GET length). Fixed.
3308 
</p><p>Performance monitor, oci8 driver added memory sort ratio.
3309 
</p><p>Added random property, returns SQL to generate a floating point number between 0 and 1;
3310 
</p><p><b>4.03 6 Nov 2003 </b>
3311 
</p><p>The path to adodb-php4.inc.php and adodb-iterators.inc.php was not setup properly.
3312 
</p><p>Patched SQLDate in interbase to support hours/mins/secs. Thx to ari kuorikoski.
3313 
</p><p>Force autorollback for pgsql persistent connections -
3314 
apparently pgsql did not autorollback properly before 4.3.4. See http://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=25404
3315 
</p><p><b>4.02 5 Nov 2003 </b>
3316 
</p><p>Some errors in adodb_error_pg() fixed. Thx to Styve.
3317 
</p><p>Spurious Insert_ID() error was generated by LogSQL(). Fixed.
3318 
</p><p>Insert_ID was interfering with Affected_Rows() and Replace()  when LogSQL() enabled. Fixed.
3319 
</p><p>More foreach loops optimized with list/each.
3320 
</p><p>Null dates not handled properly in ADO driver (it becomes 31 Dec 1969!).
3321 
</p><p>Heinz Hombergs contributed patches for mysql MetaColumns - adding scale, made
3322 
interbase MetaColumns work with firebird/interbase, and added lang/adodb-de.inc.php.
3323 
</p><p>Added INFORMIXSERVER environment variable.
3324 
</p><p>Added $ADODB_ANSI_PADDING_OFF for interbase/firebird.
3325 
</p><p>PHP 5 beta 2 compat check. Foreach (Iterator) support. Exceptions support.
3326 
</p><p><b>4.01 23 Oct 2003 </b>
3327 
</p><p>Fixed bug in rs2html(), tohtml.inc.php, that generated blank table cells.
3328 
</p><p>Fixed insert_id() incorrectly generated when logsql() enabled.
3329 
</p><p>Modified PostgreSQL _fixblobs to use list/each instead of foreach.
3330 
</p><p>Informix ErrorNo() implemented correctly.
3331 
</p><p>Modified several places to use list/each, including GetRowAssoc().
3332 
</p><p>Added UserTimeStamp() to connection class.
3333 
</p><p>Added $ADODB_ANSI_PADDING_OFF for oci8po.
3334 
</p><p><b>4.00 20 Oct 2003 </b>
3335 
</p><p>Upgraded adodb-xmlschema to 1 Oct 2003 snapshot.
3336 
</p><p>Fix to rs2html warning message. Thx to Filo.
3337 
</p><p>Fix for odbc_mssql/mssql SQLDate(), hours was wrong.
3338 
</p><p>Added MetaColumns and MetaPrimaryKeys for sybase. Thx to Chris Phillipson.
3339 
</p><p>Added autoquoting to datadict for MySQL and PostgreSQL. Suggestion by Karsten Dambekalns
3340 
</p><p><b>3.94 11 Oct 2003 </b>
3341 
</p><p>Create trigger in datadict-oci8.inc.php did not work, because all cr/lf's must be removed.
3342 
</p><p>ErrorMsg()/ErrorNo() did not work for many databases when logging enabled. Fixed.
3343 
</p><p>Removed global variable $ADODB_LOGSQL as it does not work properly with multiple connections.
3344 
</p><p>Added SQLDate support for sybase. Thx to Chris Phillipson
3345 
</p><p>Postgresql checking of pgsql resultset resource was incorrect. Fix by Bharat Mediratta bharat#menalto.com.
3346 
Same patch applied to  _insertid and _affectedrows for adodb-postgres64.inc.php.
3347 
</p><p>Added support for NConnect for postgresql.
3348 
</p><p>Added Sybase data dict support. Thx to Chris Phillipson
3349 
</p><p>Extensive improvements in $perf-&gt;UI(), eg. Explain now opens in new window, we show scripts
3350 
which call sql, etc.
3351 
</p><p>Perf Monitor UI works with magic quotes enabled.
3352 
</p><p>rsPrefix was declared twice. Removed.
3353 
</p><p>Oci8 stored procedure support, eg. "begin func(); end;" was incorrect in _query. Fixed.
3354 
</p><p>Tiraboschi Massimiliano contributed italian language file.
3355 
</p><p>Fernando Ortiz, fortiz#lacorona.com.mx, contributed informix performance monitor.
3356 
</p><p>Added _varchar (varchar arrays) support for postgresql. Reported by PREVOT St&eacute;phane.<hr />
3357 
<p><strong>0.10 Sept 9 2000</strong> First release
3358 
</p><h3><strong>Old change log history moved to <a href="old-changelog.htm">old-changelog.htm</a>.
3359 
  </strong></h3>
3360 
<p>&nbsp;</p>
3361 
<p>
3362 
</p></body></html>