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/dokumenty/skolni/diplomka/desctription.tex
4,24 → 4,29
 
\sec Required parameters
 
Wide dynamical range and high 3 intercept points are desired. The receiver must accept wide dynamic signals because a typical radioastronomical signal has a form of a weak signal covered by a strong man-made noise.
Wide dynamical range and high IP3 are desired. The receiver must accept wide dynamic signals because a typical radioastronomical signal has a form of a weak signal covered by a strong man-made noise.
 
Summary of main required parameters follows
 
\begitems
* Dynamical range better than 80 dB
* Phase stability between channels
* Noise (all types)
* Sampling jitter better than 100 metres
* Support for any number of receivers in range 1 to 8
\enditems
 
\sec Sampling frequency
Sampling frequency is limited by the technical constrains in the trial design. This parameter is especially limited by the sampling frequencies of analog-to-digital conversion chips available on the market and interface bandwidth. Combination of the required parameters -- dynamic range requiring at least 16bit and a minimum sampling frequency of 1 MSPS leads to need of high end ADC chips which does not support such low sampling frequencies at all. Their minimum sampling frequency is 5 MSPS.
 
We calculate minimum data bandwidth data rate for eight receivers, 2 bytes per sample and 5MSPS as $8 * 2 * 5e6 = 80$ MiB/s. Such data rate is at the limit of real writing speed o classical HDD and it is almost double of real bandwidth of USB 2.0 interface.
 
\sec Sampling frequency
 
Sampling frequency is limited by the technical constrains in the trial design. This parameter is especially limited by the sampling frequencies of analog-to-digital conversion chips available on the market. Combination of the required parameters -- dynamic range requiring at least 16bit and a minimum sampling frequency of 1 MSPS leads to need of high end ADC chips which does not support such low sampling frequencies at all. Their minimum sampling frequency is 5 MSPS.
\sec System scalability
 
For analogue channels scalability, special parameters of ADC modules are required. Ideally, there should be a separate output for each I/Q channel in ADC module. ADC module must also have separate inputs for sampling and data output clocks. These parameters allow for conduction at relatively low digital data rates. As a result, the digital signal can be conducted even through long wires.
For analogue channels scalability, special parameters of ADC modules are required. Ideally, there should be a separate output for each analogue channel in ADC module. ADC module must also have separate outputs for frames and data output clocks. These parameters allow for conduction at relatively low digital data rates. As a result, the digital signal can be conducted even through long wires.
 
Clock signal will be handled distinctively in our scalable design. Selected ADC chip are guaranteed to have defined clock skew between sampling and data output clock. This allows taking data and frame clocks from the first ADC module only. The rest of the data and frame clocks from other ADC modules can be measured for diagnostic purposes (failure detection, jitter measurement etc.).
 
51,6 → 56,11
Every ADC module will be directly connected to CLKHUB02A module which takes sampling clock signal delivered by FPGA from main local oscillator. This signal should use high quality differential signalling cable -- we should use SATA cable for this purpose.
 
GPSDO design included in data acquisition system has special feature -- generates time marks for precise time-stamping of received signal. Timestamps are created by disabling of local oscillator for 100 us as result rectangle click in input signal is created which appears as horizontal line in spectrogram.
Timestamps should be seen in image \ref[meteor-reflection] (above and below meteor reflection).
 
Time-marking should be improved in future by digitalisation GPS signal directly with dedicated ADC channel. Datafile then consists samples from channels of radio-astronomy receivers along with GPS signal containing precise time information.
 
\secc Signal cable connectors
 
Several widely used and commercially easily accessible differential connectors were considered to be use in our design.
208,12 → 218,46
ADC2 CH1 maximal input 380 mV
 
 
%\chap Example of usage
$$
D.R. = N * b *
$$
 
Where is
\begitems
* N - number of receivers
* Mi
\enditems
 
 
 
\chap Example of usage
 
%\sec Simple polarimeter station
%\sec Basic interferometer station
\sec Basic interferometer station
 
For system evaluation basic interferometry station was constructed.
 
\midinsert
\clabel[meteor-reflection]{Meteor reflection}
\picw=10cm \cinspic ./img/screenshots/observed_meteor.png
\caption/f Meteor reflection received by evaluation setup.
\endinsert
 
\midinsert
\clabel[phase-phase-difference]{Phase difference}
\picw=10cm \cinspic ./img/screenshots/phase_difference.png
\caption/f Demonstration of phase difference between antennas.
\endinsert
 
 
\midinsert
\clabel[block-schematic]{Receiver block schematic}
\picw=10cm \cinspic ./img/Coherent_UHF_SDR_receiver.png
\caption/f Complete receiver block schematic of dual antenna interferometric station.
\endinsert
 
 
%\sec Simple passive Doppler radar
 
\chap Proposed final system
/dokumenty/skolni/diplomka/diplomka.pdf
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/dokumenty/skolni/diplomka/diplomka.ref
13,8 → 13,8
\Xsec{1.2}{Modern Radio astronomy receiver }{2}
\Xfnote
\Xsecc{1.2.1}{Observation types }{2}
\Xsec{1.3}{Required receiver parameters }{2}
\Xpage{3}
\Xsec{1.3}{Required receiver parameters }{3}
\Xsecc{1.3.1}{Sensitivity and noise number }{3}
\Xsecc{1.3.2}{Dynamic range }{3}
\Xtab{ADC-dynamic-range}{1.1}{Dynamic range versus bit depth}
33,11 → 33,11
\Xfnote
\Xpage{6}
\Xsecc{2.4.2}{Signal cable connectors }{6}
\Xfig{img-miniSAS-cable}{2.1}{Used miniSAS cable}
\Xlabel{img-miniSAS-cable}{2.1}
\Xsecc{2.4.3}{Signal integrity requirements }{6}
\Xsecc{2.4.4}{ADC modules design }{6}
\Xpage{7}
\Xfig{img-miniSAS-cable}{2.1}{Used miniSAS cable}
\Xlabel{img-miniSAS-cable}{2.1}
\Xsecc{2.4.5}{ADC selection }{7}
\Xpage{8}
\Xtab{ADC-types}{2.1}{Available ADC types}
44,27 → 44,41
\Xlabel{ADC-types}{2.1}
\Xsecc{2.4.6}{ADC modules interface }{8}
\Xsecc{2.4.7}{Output data format }{8}
\Xsec{2.5}{Achieved parameters }{8}
\Xpage{9}
\Xfig{VITA57-regions}{2.3}{VITA57 board geometry}
\Xlabel{VITA57-regions}{2.3}
\Xsec{2.5}{Achieved parameters }{9}
\Xsecc{2.5.1}{Data reading and recording }{9}
\Xsecc{2.5.2}{ADC module parameters }{9}
\Xpage{10}
\Xpage{11}
\Xsecc{2.5.2}{ADC module parameters }{11}
\Xpage{12}
\Xchap{3}{Proposed final system }{12}
\Xsec{3.1}{Custom design of FPGA board }{12}
\Xsec{3.2}{Parralella board computer }{12}
\Xsec{3.3}{GPU based computational system }{12}
\Xpage{13}
\Xfig{img-NVIDIA-K1}{3.1}{NVIDIA Jetson TK1 Development Kit}
\Xlabel{img-NVIDIA-K1}{3.1}
\Xchap{3}{Example of usage }{13}
\Xsec{3.1}{Basic interferometer station }{13}
\Xfig{meteor-reflection}{3.1}{Meteor reflection}
\Xlabel{meteor-reflection}{3.1}
\Xfig{phase-phase-difference}{3.2}{Phase difference}
\Xlabel{phase-phase-difference}{3.2}
\Xpage{14}
\Xfig{block-schematic}{3.3}{Receiver block schematic}
\Xlabel{block-schematic}{3.3}
\Xpage{15}
\Xchap{A}{Circuit diagram of ADCdual01A module }{15}
\Xchap{4}{Proposed final system }{15}
\Xsec{4.1}{Custom design of FPGA board }{15}
\Xsec{4.2}{Parralella board computer }{15}
\Xsec{4.3}{GPU based computational system }{15}
\Xpage{16}
\Xchap{B}{Circuit diagram of FMC2DIFF module }{16}
\Xfig{img-NVIDIA-K1}{4.1}{NVIDIA Jetson TK1 Development Kit}
\Xlabel{img-NVIDIA-K1}{4.1}
\Xpage{17}
\Xpage{18}
\Xchap{5}{Conclusion }{17}
\Xsec{5.1}{Possible future improvements }{17}
\Xpage{19}
\Xchap{A}{Circuit diagram of ADCdual01A module }{19}
\Xpage{20}
\Xchap{B}{Circuit diagram of FMC2DIFF module }{20}
\Xpage{21}
\Xpage{22}
\Xpage{23}
\Xpage{24}
/dokumenty/skolni/diplomka/diplomka.tex
72,6 → 72,7
 
\input introduction % Files where the source of the document is prepared.
\input desctription % Full name is: uvod.tex, popis.tex, the suffix can be omitted.
\input conclusion
\input appendix
 
\bye
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