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/dokumenty/PRA1/9-Akustika/akustika.pdf
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/dokumenty/PRA1/9-Akustika/akustika.tex
18,7 → 18,7
\end{abstract}
\section{Úvod}
\begin{itemize}
\item Spočítejte vlstní frekvenci struny v praktiku a změřte její harmonické frekvence, z nich dopočítejte lineární hustotu struny.
\item Spočítejte vlastní frekvenci struny v praktiku a změřte její harmonické frekvence, z nich dopočítejte lineární hustotu struny.
\item Najděte základní a vyšší harmonické frekvence v Kundtově trubici. Ze známé délky trubice dopočítejte rychlost zvuku.
\item Pro 10 ryzných frekvencí hledejte interferenční minima prodlužováním a zkracováním Quinckovy trubice. Vyneste do grafu závislost vlnové délky zvuku na rezonanční frekvenci. Z naměřených údajů dopočítejte rychlost zvuku.
\item Najděte vlastní frekvence Helmzholtova dutinového rezonátoru. Vyneste závislost vlastní frekvence na objemu rezonátoru.
27,7 → 27,8
\end{itemize}
 
\section{Postup měření}
Začali jsme hledáním harmonických frekvencí struny v praktiku. Podle teoretického výpočtu z hodnot lineární hustoty uvedené v \cite{zadani}
\subsection{struna}
Začali jsme hledáním harmonických frekvencí struny v praktiku. Podle teoretického výpočtu z hodnot lineární hustoty uvedené v \cite{akustika} nam vyšla rezonančni frekvence $f_0=24 [Hz]$. Skutečné naměřené hodnoty ale shrnuje tabulka \ref{rezonance_struna}.
 
\begin{table}[htbp]
\caption{Rezonanční frekvence 1,316m dlouhé struny}
51,13 → 52,46
\label{rezonance_struna}
\end{table}
 
\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=150mm]{struna.pdf}
\end{center}
\caption{Harmonické frekvence struny}
\end{figure}
 
Při regresi těchto hodnot fyzikální závislostí $f = \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{F}{\varrho}}$ , kde $F = 4,91 [N]$, jsme zjistili, že skutečná hodnota lineární hustoty struny výchází spíše o něco větší $0.00268895 \pm 5.369e-06 [kg/m]$.
 
\subsection{Kundtova trubice}
Další úkol byl principiálně podobný s tím rozdílem, že se jednalo o podélné vlnění v Kundtově trubici a naměřené výsledky uvádí tabulka \ref{rezonance_kund}.
 
\begin{table}[htbp]
\caption{Rezonanční frekvence 70cm Kundtovy trubice}
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|}
\hline
Harmonická & Frekvence [Hz] & Rychlost zvuku [m/s] \\ \hline
0 & 287,2 & 402,08 \\ \hline
1 & 459,7 & 321,79 \\ \hline
2 & 642 & 299,6 \\ \hline
3 & 810 & 283,5 \\ \hline
4 & 1059,8 & 296,74 \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\label{rezonance_kund}
\end{table}
 
Rychlost zvuku byla dopočtena použitím výrazu $ v_z=\frac{2 f L}{k}$.
 
\subsection{Quinckova trubice}
Následovalo měření vlnové délky v Quinckově trubici.
 
\begin{table}[htbp]
\caption{Hodnoty z měření Quinckovy trubice}
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline
Frekvence [Hz] & Minima & Vzdálenost [cm] & Vlnová délka [m] & Rychlost zvuku [m/s] \\ \hline
5733 & 7 & 18,5 & 0,0529 & 303,03 \\ \hline
5733 & 6 & 18,5 & 0,0612 & 303,03 \\ \hline
5441,7 & 7 & 22 & 0,0629 & 342,05 \\ \hline
5199 & 7 & 23,5 & 0,0671 & 349,08 \\ \hline
5040,6 & 7 & 25 & 0,0714 & 360,04 \\ \hline
72,147 → 106,45
\label{interference_Quinck}
\end{table}
 
 
%Graficke vyjadreni techto dat vypada takto:
%\begin{figure}[h] \caption{Odrazy ultrazvuku od kovove desky} \label{obr1}
% \begin{center} \includegraphics[width=5cm]{plot.ps} \end{center}
%\end{figure}
 
Dalším naším úkolem bylo změření rychlosti zvuku a pomocí této experimentálně zjištěné rychlosti se pak pokusit určit neznámou vzdálenost. Naše měření jsme prováděli odrazem. a jeho výsledky zobrazuje tabulka \ref{rychlost}.
Výpočtem s využitím informací z \cite{sonar} jsme z naměřených hodnot určili rychlost zvuku na $v_{z}=(321,8\pm6,8)m/s$
 
\begin{table}[htbp] \caption{Měření rychlosti zvuku}
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|}
\hline Vzdalenost [cm] & cas[us] \\ \hline
5 & 420 \\ \hline
10 & 681 \\ \hline
15 & 1010 \\ \hline
20 & 1260 \\ \hline
25 & 1620 \\ \hline
30 & 1870 \\ \hline
35 & 2160 \\ \hline
40 & 2470 \\ \hline
45 & 2750 \\ \hline
50 & 3020 \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\label{rychlost}
\end{table}
Známou rychlost jsme následně využili k dopočtení neznámé vzdálenosti od překážky za pomoci časového posunu změřeného echa. Jak ukazuje tabulka \ref{vzdalenost}.
\begin{table}[htbp]
\caption{Měření vzdálenosti odrazem}
\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|}
\hline cas[us] & \multicolumn{ 2}{|c|}{skutecna / zmerena vzdalenost [cm]}\\ \hline
1720 & 27 & 27,67 \\ \hline
1360 & 21 & 21,88 \\ \hline
2000 & 32 & 32,18 \\ \hline
2230 & 36 & 35,88 \\ \hline
2410 & 39 & 38,78 \\ \hline
2640 & 43 & 42,48 \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\includegraphics[width=150mm]{quinck.pdf}
\caption{Závislost vlnové délky na frekvenci v Quinckově trubici}
\end{center}
\label{vzdalenost}
\end{table}
U všech těchto měření bylo vhodné odečíst 50us spoždění měřící aparatury (hlavně zesilovače).
\end{figure}
 
Dalším úkolem bylo proměření Dopplerova posuvu, zde šlo již o náročnější měření s pohybujícím se vozíkem na kolejové dráze. Naměřené výsledky shrnuje tabulka \ref{doppler}.
Proložením $ l = \frac{v_z}{f} $ byla získána hodnota rychlosti zvuku $v_z=(349.379 \pm 2 [m/s])$.
 
\subsection{Helmholtzův rezonátor}
\begin{table}[htbp]
\caption{Měření Dopplerova posuvu}
\caption{Rezonance Helmholtzova rezonátoru (laboratorní baňky) v závislosti na objemu vlité vody}
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{|c|l|} \hline
$f_0=40,42[kHz]$ & $v=0,61[m/s]$ \\ \hline
\multicolumn{ 2}{|c|}{40,48} \\ \hline
\multicolumn{ 2}{|c|}{40,49} \\ \hline
\multicolumn{ 2}{|c|}{40,48} \\ \hline
\multicolumn{ 2}{|c|}{40,48} \\ \hline
\multicolumn{ 2}{|c|}{40,49} \\ \hline
\multicolumn{ 2}{|c|}{40,48} \\ \hline
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|}
\hline
Objem vody & Rezonance [Hz] \\ \hline
0 & 178 \\ \hline
200 & 197 \\ \hline
300 & 208 \\ \hline
400 & 223 \\ \hline
600 & 262 \\ \hline
800 & 336 \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\begin{tabular}{|c|l|} \hline
$f_0=40,39[kHz]$ & $v=0,46[m/s]$ \\ \hline
\multicolumn{ 2}{|c|}{40,45} \\ \hline
\multicolumn{ 2}{|c|}{40,44} \\ \hline
\multicolumn{ 2}{|c|}{40,45} \\ \hline
\multicolumn{ 2}{|c|}{40,44} \\ \hline
\multicolumn{ 2}{|c|}{40,44} \\ \hline
\multicolumn{ 2}{|c|}{40,44} \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\begin{tabular}{|c|l|} \hline
$f_0=40,48[kHz]$ & $v=0,4[m/s]$ \\ \hline
\multicolumn{ 2}{|c|}{40,53} \\ \hline
\multicolumn{ 2}{|c|}{40,53} \\ \hline
\multicolumn{ 2}{|c|}{40,53} \\ \hline
\multicolumn{ 2}{|c|}{40,52} \\ \hline
\multicolumn{ 2}{|c|}{40,52} \\ \hline
\multicolumn{ 2}{|c|}{40,52} \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\begin{tabular}{|c|l|} \hline
$f_0=40,47[kHz]$ & $v=0,5 [m/s]$ \\ \hline
\multicolumn{ 2}{|c|}{40,53} \\ \hline
\multicolumn{ 2}{|c|}{40,53} \\ \hline
\multicolumn{ 2}{|c|}{40,53} \\ \hline
\multicolumn{ 2}{|c|}{40,53} \\ \hline
\multicolumn{ 2}{|c|}{40,53} \\ \hline
\multicolumn{ 2}{|c|}{40,53} \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\label{doppler}
\label{rezonance_helmholtz}
\end{table}
 
Nakonec následoval nejproblematičtější úkol a to měření difrakce. Zde bylo prakticky vyloučeno dodržet podmínky ze zadání ulohy \cite{sonar}, které specifikují vzdálenost mikrofonu od mřížky v rozsahu 3-4m. Z důvodu omezeného prostoru v laboratoři jsme tak měříli poize ve vzdálenosti 1,75m
 
\begin{table}[htbp]
\caption{Měření difrakce na mřížce m=10mm}
\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|}
\hline
\multicolumn{ 2}{|c|}{Počet štěrbin N=1} \\ \hline
offset[mm] & Intenzita[1] \\ \hline
268 & 0,3 \\ \hline
273 & 0,48 \\ \hline
277 & 0,64 \\ \hline
281 & 0,5 \\ \hline
285 & 0,29 \\ \hline
293 & 0,48 \\ \hline
300 & 1,17 \\ \hline
306 & 0,68 \\ \hline
322 & 0,19 \\ \hline
333 & 0,68 \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|}
\hline
\multicolumn{ 2}{|c|}{Počet štěrbin N=2} \\ \hline
offset[mm] & Intenzita[1] \\ \hline
292 & 0,79 \\ \hline
326 & 0,95 \\ \hline
271 & 0,94 \\ \hline
301 & 0,45 \\ \hline
264 & 0,43 \\ \hline
33,2 & 0,47 \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|}
\hline
\multicolumn{ 2}{|c|}{Počet štěrbin N=3} \\ \hline
offset[mm] & Intenzita[1] \\ \hline
300 & 3,15 \\ \hline
292 & 2,66 \\ \hline
282 & 3,8 \\ \hline
311 & 2,82 \\ \hline
324 & 3,35 \\ \hline
305 & 3,06 \\ \hline
295 & 3,01 \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\includegraphics[width=150mm]{helmholtz.pdf}
\end{center}
\label{difrakce}
\end{table}
\caption{Závislost rezonanční frekvence Helmholtzova oscilátoru na objemu vlité vody}
\end{figure}
\section{Diskuse}
Díky našim měřícím podmínkám bych výsleky měření hodnotil spíše, jako velice informativní, neboť například zvláště při měření difrakce se v datech uplaťnovala jakákoli změna měřeného prostředí. (procházející kolegové, přesun přívodních vodičů, i samotný přesun měřícího mikrofonu). Při ověřivání zákonu odrazu byla zase problematická neznalost vyzařívacích charakteristik reproduktoru. Navíc díky absenci jakéhokoli mechanického vedení docházelo k vyosení snímače z jeho původní pozice. Tento jev by sice bylo možné částečně eliminovat hledáním maxima signálu vždy pod zvoleným reflexním úhlem ale tato metoda by asi značně přesáhla měřící čas, který i tak byl velice napjatý.
Díky našim měřícím podmínkám bych výsleky měření hodnotil spíše, jako velice informativní, neboť například zvláště při měření difrakce se v datech uplaťnovala jakákoli změna měřeného prostředí. (procházející kolegové, přesun přívodních vodičů, i samotný přesun měřícího mikrofonu). Při ověřivání zákonu odrazu byla zase problematická neznalost vyzařívacích charakteristik reproduktoru. Navíc díky absenci jakéhokoli mechanického vedení docházelo k vyosení snímače z jeho původní pozice. Tento jev by sice bylo možné částečně eliminovat hledáním maxima signálu vždy pod zvoleným reflexním úhlem ale tato metoda by asi značně přesáhla měřící čas, který i tak byl velice napjatý.
\section*{Závěr}
Měřením jsme ověřili platnost zákona odrazu z geometrické optiky i pro zvukové vlny. Dále jsme zjistili, že rychlosti zvuku v našich laboratorních podmínkách se nijak zásadně neliší od tabulkových hodnot a též Dopplerův efekt je reálnou vlastností vlnění.
Měřením byly v podstatě potvrzeny tabulkové ho dnoty rychlostí zvuku a ověřeny rezonanční vlastnosti vlnění.
\begin{thebibliography}{99}
\bibitem{akustika}{\it Zadání úlohy 9 - Základní experimenty akustiky}. \href{http://fyzika.fjfi.cvut.cz/Praktika/Akustika/akustikaPRA.pdf}{http://fyzika.fjfi.cvut.cz/Praktika/Akustika/akustikaPRA.pdf}.
\bibitem{sctripta_vlneni}
/dokumenty/PRA1/9-Akustika/data.ods
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set key off
plot "helmholtz.txt" using 1:2:3 with errorbars
/dokumenty/PRA1/9-Akustika/helmholtz.pdf
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/dokumenty/PRA1/9-Akustika/quinck.gp
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#set terminal postscript
#set output "quinck.ps"
set terminal postscript
set output "quinck.ps"
set key off
set xlabel "frequency"
set ylabel "wave lenght"
set xlabel "frequency [Hz]"
set ylabel "wavelenght [m]"
f(x)=v/x
fit f(x) "quinck.txt" via v
plot f(x) title "approximed", "quinck.txt" using 1:2:3 with errorbars title "measured"
plot f(x), "quinck.txt" using 1:2:3 with errorbars
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stroke grestore} def
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2 lt
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<< Tile8x8
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<< Tile8x8
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>> matrix makepattern
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<< Tile8x8
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%
%
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%
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TransparentPatterns {} {gsave 1 setgray fill grestore} ifelse
} def
%
% Substitute for Level 2 pattern fill codes with
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%
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/Pattern3 {0.750 Density} bind def
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/Symbol-Oblique /Symbol findfont [1 0 .167 1 0 0] makefont
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%%EndProlog
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%%Trailer
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/dokumenty/PRA1/9-Akustika/struna.gp
1,5 → 1,5
#set terminal postscript
#set output "struna.ps"
set terminal postscript
set output "struna.ps"
set key off
set xlabel "# harmonics"
set ylabel "frequency"
6,6 → 6,6
F=4.91
f(x)=(x+1)*1/2*sqrt(F/Ro)
fit f(x) "struna.txt" via Ro
plot f(x) title "approximed", "struna.txt" using 1:2:3 with errorbars title "measured"
pause 10
plot f(x), "struna.txt" using 1:2:3 with errorbars
 
 
/dokumenty/PRA1/9-Akustika/struna.pdf
Cannot display: file marked as a binary type.
svn:mime-type = application/octet-stream
Property changes:
Added: svn:mime-type
+application/octet-stream
\ No newline at end of property
/dokumenty/PRA1/9-Akustika/struna.ps
1,7 → 1,7
%!PS-Adobe-2.0
%%Title: struna.ps
%%Creator: gnuplot 4.2 patchlevel 4
%%CreationDate: Fri Oct 16 14:29:58 2009
%%CreationDate: Mon Oct 19 00:06:38 2009
%%DocumentFonts: (atend)
%%BoundingBox: 50 50 554 770
%%Orientation: Landscape
47,10 → 47,10
/Title (struna.ps)
/Subject (gnuplot plot)
/Creator (gnuplot 4.2 patchlevel 4 )
/Author (Jakub Kákona,,,)
/Author (Jakub Kakona,,,)
% /Producer (gnuplot)
% /Keywords ()
/CreationDate (Fri Oct 16 14:29:58 2009)
/CreationDate (Mon Oct 19 00:06:38 2009)
/DOCINFO pdfmark
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62 36 V
63 35 V
62 36 V
62 36 V
62 35 V
63 36 V
62 36 V
62 35 V
62 36 V
63 36 V
62 36 V
62 35 V
62 36 V
63 36 V
62 35 V
62 36 V
63 36 V
62 35 V
62 36 V
62 36 V
63 35 V
62 36 V
62 36 V
62 35 V
63 36 V
62 36 V
62 36 V
62 35 V
63 36 V
62 36 V
62 35 V
62 36 V
63 36 V
62 35 V
/Helvetica findfont 140 scalefont setfont
882 826 M
62 38 V
63 38 V
62 39 V
62 38 V
62 38 V
63 38 V
62 38 V
62 39 V
62 38 V
63 38 V
62 38 V
62 38 V
62 39 V
63 38 V
62 38 V
62 38 V
62 38 V
63 39 V
62 38 V
62 38 V
63 38 V
62 38 V
62 38 V
62 39 V
63 38 V
62 38 V
62 38 V
62 38 V
63 39 V
62 38 V
62 38 V
62 38 V
63 38 V
62 39 V
62 38 V
62 38 V
63 38 V
62 38 V
62 39 V
63 38 V
62 38 V
62 38 V
62 38 V
63 38 V
62 39 V
62 38 V
62 38 V
63 38 V
62 38 V
62 39 V
62 38 V
63 38 V
62 38 V
62 38 V
62 39 V
63 38 V
62 38 V
62 38 V
62 38 V
63 39 V
62 38 V
62 38 V
63 38 V
62 38 V
62 38 V
62 39 V
63 38 V
62 38 V
62 38 V
62 38 V
63 39 V
62 38 V
62 38 V
62 38 V
63 38 V
62 39 V
62 38 V
62 38 V
63 38 V
62 38 V
62 39 V
63 38 V
62 38 V
62 38 V
62 38 V
63 39 V
62 38 V
62 38 V
62 38 V
63 38 V
62 38 V
62 39 V
62 38 V
63 38 V
62 38 V
62 38 V
62 39 V
63 38 V
62 38 V
1.000 UP
stroke
LT1
LTb
4804 133 M
(measured) Rshow
LT1
882 1060 Pls
1498 1424 Pls
2115 1789 Pls
2731 2154 Pls
3348 2485 Pls
3964 2833 Pls
4580 3214 Pls
5197 3546 Pls
5813 3911 Pls
6430 4259 Pls
7046 4623 Pls
5087 133 Pls
/Helvetica findfont 140 scalefont setfont
882 763 M
0 106 V
851 763 M
62 0 V
851 869 M
62 0 V
585 280 R
0 106 V
-31 -106 R
62 0 V
-62 106 R
62 0 V
586 280 R
0 106 V
-31 -106 R
62 0 V
-62 106 R
62 0 V
585 278 R
0 106 V
-31 -106 R
62 0 V
-62 106 R
62 0 V
586 253 R
0 106 V
-31 -106 R
62 0 V
-62 106 R
62 0 V
585 271 R
0 106 V
-31 -106 R
62 0 V
-62 106 R
62 0 V
585 294 R
0 106 V
-31 -106 R
62 0 V
-62 106 R
62 0 V
586 255 R
0 106 V
-31 -106 R
62 0 V
-62 106 R
62 0 V
585 281 R
0 106 V
-31 -106 R
62 0 V
-62 106 R
62 0 V
586 257 R
0 106 V
-31 -106 R
62 0 V
-62 106 R
62 0 V
585 285 R
0 106 V
-31 -106 R
62 0 V
-62 106 R
62 0 V
882 816 Pls
1498 1202 Pls
2115 1588 Pls
2731 1972 Pls
3348 2331 Pls
3964 2708 Pls
4580 3108 Pls
5197 3469 Pls
5813 3856 Pls
6430 4219 Pls
7046 4610 Pls
1.000 UL
LTb
882 4872 N
882 728 L
882 448 L
6164 0 V
0 4144 V
0 4424 V
-6164 0 V
Z stroke
1.000 UP
695,277 → 752,6
grestore
end
showpage
%%Page: 2 2
gnudict begin
gsave
50 50 translate
0.100 0.100 scale
90 rotate
0 -5040 translate
0 setgray
newpath
(Helvetica) findfont 140 scalefont setfont
1.000 UL
LTb
882 728 M
63 0 V
6101 0 R
-63 0 V
798 728 M
( 0) Rshow
1.000 UL
LTb
882 1557 M
63 0 V
6101 0 R
-63 0 V
-6185 0 R
( 50) Rshow
1.000 UL
LTb
882 2386 M
63 0 V
6101 0 R
-63 0 V
-6185 0 R
( 100) Rshow
1.000 UL
LTb
882 3214 M
63 0 V
6101 0 R
-63 0 V
-6185 0 R
( 150) Rshow
1.000 UL
LTb
882 4043 M
63 0 V
6101 0 R
-63 0 V
-6185 0 R
( 200) Rshow
1.000 UL
LTb
882 4872 M
63 0 V
6101 0 R
-63 0 V
-6185 0 R
( 250) Rshow
1.000 UL
LTb
882 728 M
0 63 V
0 4081 R
0 -63 V
882 588 M
( 0) Cshow
1.000 UL
LTb
2115 728 M
0 63 V
0 4081 R
0 -63 V
0 -4221 R
( 2) Cshow
1.000 UL
LTb
3348 728 M
0 63 V
0 4081 R
0 -63 V
0 -4221 R
( 4) Cshow
1.000 UL
LTb
4580 728 M
0 63 V
0 4081 R
0 -63 V
0 -4221 R
( 6) Cshow
1.000 UL
LTb
5813 728 M
0 63 V
0 4081 R
0 -63 V
0 -4221 R
( 8) Cshow
1.000 UL
LTb
7046 728 M
0 63 V
0 4081 R
0 -63 V
0 -4221 R
( 10) Cshow
1.000 UL
LTb
1.000 UL
LTb
882 4872 N
882 728 L
6164 0 V
0 4144 V
-6164 0 V
Z stroke
LCb setrgbcolor
308 2800 M
currentpoint gsave translate 90 rotate 0 0 M
(frequency) Cshow
grestore
LTb
LCb setrgbcolor
3964 378 M
(# harmonics) Cshow
LTb
1.000 UP
1.000 UL
LTb
1.000 UL
LT0
LTb
3397 133 M
(approximed) Rshow
LT0
3481 133 M
399 0 V
882 1081 M
62 36 V
63 36 V
62 35 V
62 36 V
62 36 V
63 35 V
62 36 V
62 36 V
62 35 V
63 36 V
62 36 V
62 36 V
62 35 V
63 36 V
62 36 V
62 35 V
62 36 V
63 36 V
62 35 V
62 36 V
63 36 V
62 35 V
62 36 V
62 36 V
63 35 V
62 36 V
62 36 V
62 36 V
63 35 V
62 36 V
62 36 V
62 35 V
63 36 V
62 36 V
62 35 V
62 36 V
63 36 V
62 35 V
62 36 V
63 36 V
62 35 V
62 36 V
62 36 V
63 36 V
62 35 V
62 36 V
62 36 V
63 35 V
62 36 V
62 36 V
62 35 V
63 36 V
62 36 V
62 35 V
62 36 V
63 36 V
62 35 V
62 36 V
62 36 V
63 36 V
62 35 V
62 36 V
63 36 V
62 35 V
62 36 V
62 36 V
63 35 V
62 36 V
62 36 V
62 35 V
63 36 V
62 36 V
62 35 V
62 36 V
63 36 V
62 36 V
62 35 V
62 36 V
63 36 V
62 35 V
62 36 V
63 36 V
62 35 V
62 36 V
62 36 V
63 35 V
62 36 V
62 36 V
62 35 V
63 36 V
62 36 V
62 36 V
62 35 V
63 36 V
62 36 V
62 35 V
62 36 V
63 36 V
62 35 V
1.000 UP
stroke
LT1
LTb
4804 133 M
(measured) Rshow
LT1
882 1060 Pls
1498 1424 Pls
2115 1789 Pls
2731 2154 Pls
3348 2485 Pls
3964 2833 Pls
4580 3214 Pls
5197 3546 Pls
5813 3911 Pls
6430 4259 Pls
7046 4623 Pls
5087 133 Pls
1.000 UL
LTb
882 4872 N
882 728 L
6164 0 V
0 4144 V
-6164 0 V
Z stroke
1.000 UP
1.000 UL
LTb
stroke
grestore
end
showpage
%%Trailer
%%DocumentFonts: Helvetica
%%Pages: 2
%%Pages: 1