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        #include <stdio.h>
        #include <stdlib.h>
        #include <alsa/asoundlib.h>

        int rate = 44100;
        int exact_rate;
              
        main (int argc, char *argv[])
        {
                int i;
                int err;
                short buf[128];
                snd_pcm_t *capture_handle;
                snd_pcm_hw_params_t *hw_params;
        
                if ((err = snd_pcm_open (&capture_handle, argv[1], SND_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE, 0)) < 0) {
                        fprintf (stderr, "cannot open audio device %s (%s)\n", 
                                 argv[1],
                                 snd_strerror (err));
                        exit (1);
                }
                   
                if ((err = snd_pcm_hw_params_malloc (&hw_params)) < 0) {
                        fprintf (stderr, "cannot allocate hardware parameter structure (%s)\n",
                                 snd_strerror (err));
                        exit (1);
                }
                                 
                if ((err = snd_pcm_hw_params_any (capture_handle, hw_params)) < 0) {
                        fprintf (stderr, "cannot initialize hardware parameter structure (%s)\n",
                                 snd_strerror (err));
                        exit (1);
                }
        
                if ((err = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_access (capture_handle, hw_params, SND_PCM_ACCESS_RW_INTERLEAVED)) < 0) {
                        fprintf (stderr, "cannot set access type (%s)\n",
                                 snd_strerror (err));
                        exit (1);
                }
        
                if ((err = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_format (capture_handle, hw_params, SND_PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE)) < 0) {
                        fprintf (stderr, "cannot set sample format (%s)\n",
                                 snd_strerror (err));
                        exit (1);
                }
        
                exact_rate = rate;
                if ((err = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_near (capture_handle, hw_params, &exact_rate, 0)) < 0) {
                        fprintf (stderr, "cannot set sample rate (%s)\n",
                                 snd_strerror (err));
                        exit (1);
                }
        
                if ((err = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels (capture_handle, hw_params, 2)) < 0) {
                        fprintf (stderr, "cannot set channel count (%s)\n",
                                 snd_strerror (err));
                        exit (1);
                }
        
                if ((err = snd_pcm_hw_params (capture_handle, hw_params)) < 0) {
                        fprintf (stderr, "cannot set parameters (%s)\n",
                                 snd_strerror (err));
                        exit (1);
                }
        
                snd_pcm_hw_params_free (hw_params);
        
                if ((err = snd_pcm_prepare (capture_handle)) < 0) {
                        fprintf (stderr, "cannot prepare audio interface for use (%s)\n",
                                 snd_strerror (err));
                        exit (1);
                }
        
                for (i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
                        if ((err = snd_pcm_readi (capture_handle, buf, 128)) != 128) {
                                fprintf (stderr, "read from audio interface failed (%s)\n",
                                         snd_strerror (err));
                                exit (1);
                        }
                        if ((err = snd_pcm_writei (capture_handle, buf, 128)) != 128) {
                                fprintf (stderr, "write to audio interface failed (%s)\n",
                                         snd_strerror (err));
                                exit (1);
                        }
                }

        
                snd_pcm_close (capture_handle);
                exit (0);
        }